Which of the following would be the result of an obstruction in a branch of the pulmonary artery?

A. Blood is not pumped to the brain

B. Blood cannot return from the lungs

C. Blood is not pumped to the lungs

D. Blood cannot return from the brain

2. What is the maximum number of nitroglycerin tablets that can be administered in the prehospital setting?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 1

3. Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias cannot produce a pulse?

A. Ventricular tachycardia

B. Ventricular fibrilation

C. Bradycardia

D. Tachycardia

4. Which of the following is the beneficial action of nitroglycerine in cardiac emergencies?

A. It dilates blood vessels throughout the body

B. It dilates only the coronary arteries

C. It increases the strength with which the ventricles contract

D. It slows down the heart

5. Which of the following patients shoud have an automated external defibrilator applied?

A. A 67-year-old man with severe, crushing chest pain that is not relieved by nitroglycerin

B. A 6-month-old suspected of having SIDS

C. A 19-year-old college athlete who collapsed during football practive and is pulseless and apneic

D. A 40-year-old female in cardiac arrest due to chest injuries sustained in a motor vehicle crash

C.  A 19-year-old college athlete who collapsed during football practive and is pulseless and apneic

6. Which of the following BEST describes an appropriate schock sequence for the patient in pulseless VT?

A. Shock, 2 minutes of CPR, analyze, shock again

B. Shock, schock, schock, pulse check, 2 minutes of CPR, schock, shock, shock

C. Shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check

D. Schock, schock, shock, shock

7. Your patient is a 66-year-old female who has regained a pulse after a shock with an AED; however, she remains unresponsive and is not breathing adequately. Which of the following should be done next?

A. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device and supplement oxygen and anticipate that the patient may go back into cardiac arrest

B. Deliver a fourth shock to improve the patient's respiratory status

C. Remove the AED and assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve-mask and supplemental oxygen, and keep reassessing the pulse

D. Apply a non-rebreather mask with high-concentration oxygen and keep reassessing the pulse

8. Which of the following is an action of insulin?

A. It increases the transfer of sugar from the stomach and small instestine to bloodstream

B. It increases the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell

C. It increases the circulating level of glucose in the blood

D. It blocks the uptake of sugar by the body's cells

9. Which of the following may result in hypoglycemia in the diabetic patient?

A. Failure to take insulin or oral diabetic medications

B. Lack of exercise

C. Vomiting after eating a meal

D. Overeating

10. Your patient is a 44-year-old-male with a history of diabetes. He is lying on the living room floor, unresponsive to all stimuli. He has a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute, heart rate of 112 breaths per minute, and is pale and sweaty. Which of the following should you do to treat this patient?

A. Encourage the patient's family to administer his insulin

B. Apply oral glucose to a tongue depressor and insert it between the patient's cheek and gums

C. Place the patient in the recovery position to protect the airway and place oral glucose solution under the patient's tongue

D. Place the patient in the recovery position, administer oxygen, and monitor his airway

D. Place the patient in the recovery position, administer oxygen, and monitor his airway

11. Compared to hypoglycemia, which of the following is true of hyperglycemia?

A. Its onset is more sudden

B. Its onset is more gradual

C. Its onset is preceded by an aura, such as hallucinations or detecting unusual ordors

D. It is more easily treated in the prehospital environment that hypoglycemia

12. Which of the following is the most common casue of seizures in adults?

A. Failure to take prescribed medication

B. Withdrawal from alcohol

C. Fever

D. Head trauma

13. You respond to a 32-year-old female who is having a seizure. You arrive on the scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. the patient is demonstrating the:

A. aura phase

B. clonic phase

C. postictal phase

D. tonic phase

14. A seizure that occurs spontaneously from an unknown cause is called:

A. toxinic

B. hypoxic

C. idiopathic

D. hypoglycemic

15. Your patient is a 21-year-old female with a history of epilepsy. She is having a convulsion upon your arrical. Which of the following should you do?

A. Insert a bite block cloth, wallet, or similar item between the patient's teeth to prevent her from biting her tongue

B. Move furniture and other objects away from the patients to prevent injury

C. Restrain the patient's extremities to prevent injury from flailing of the arms and legs

D. Place a tongue depressory or spoon in the back of mouth to prevent the patient from swallowing her tongue

16. Which of the following is the cause of most strokes?

A. A spasm in an artery supplying part of the brain

B. A ruptured cerebral artery due to an aneurysm

C. A ruptures cerebral artery due to hypertension

D. Blockage of an artery supplying part of the brain

17. You have arrived on the scene of a call for a possible stroke. On your arrival, the patient denies signs and symptoms. is alert and oriented, and moves all exremities well. Her husband states that before you arrived the patient could not mover her right arm and the left side of ther face seemed to be "slack". Which of the follwoing has most likely occurred?

A. The patient suffered a cerebral vascular accident

B. The patient is suffering from aphasia

C. The patient has had a subarachnoid hemorrhage

D. The patient suffered a transient ischemic attack

18. Which of the following is the most important intervention the EMT can provide to the patient having a stroke?

A. Assisting with administration of the patient's nitroglycerin tablets

B. Conducting a detailed neurological exam

C. Giving oral glucose

D. Avoiding delay of transporting to the hospital

19. With advances in clot-bursting (thrombolytic) drugs, the patient has a window of ____ hours to receive treatment.

A. 6

B. 4

C. 5

D. 3

20. A severe allergic reaction will usuallt occur withing what time period follwoing exposure to the substance to which the patient is allergic?

A. Immediate to 30 minutes

B. 2-4 minutes

C. 10-15 minutes

D. 30 minutes to 2 hours

21. Which of the following occurs to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction?

A. Constriction

B. No change

C. Spasm

D. Dilation

22. Which of the following changes commonly occurs in the cardiovascular system during anaphylaxis?

A. Low blood pressure due to vasocilation

B. High blood pressure due to tachycardia

C. High blood pressure due to vasoconstriction

D. Low blood pressure due to bradycardia

23. Which of the following explains why a patient may experience difficulty breathing during anaphylaxis?

A. Swelling in the brain decreases the respiratory rate

B. Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing

C. Allergens clump togeter and block blood flow through the lungs

D. Allergens bind to hemoglobin, preventing it from carrying oxygen

24. Which of the following is the adult dosage of subcutaneous epinephrine in anaphylaxis?

A. 3 mg

B. 0.3 mg

C. 30 mg

D. 0.03 mg

25. Your patient is a 45-year-old female who is allergic to sesame seeds, which she accidentaly ingested when she ate a deli sandwich. She is having difficulty breathing, and she hass hives, watery eyes, a weak pulse of 120 per minute, and swelling of the face and tongue. Which of the following is the BEST course of immediate action?

A. Transport immediately

B. Contact medical control for orders to administer the patient's epinepherine auto-injector

C. Contact dispatch to see where the closest ALS unit is

D. Insert the oropharyngeal airway

26. Within what period of time should the EMT expect most anaphylaxis patients to respond to the adminstration of subcutaneous epinepherine?

A. Within 15 to 30 seconds

B. Within 2 minutes

C. Within 20 minutes

D. Within 10 minutes

27. A 35-year-old famale has just eaten lobster and is now complaining of itchy, watery eyes. She feels weak and her blood pressure is beginning to fall, but she denies difficulty breathing. Which of the following best describes her condition?

A. Anaphylaxis

B. Dyspnea

C. Shock

D. Mild allergy

You are transporting a 41-year-old female suffering from severe anaphylaxis. Her respiratory rate is 42 per minute, she is cyanotic, and she has a decreased level of responsiveness. Which of the following is the highest priority of care for this patient?

A. Elevate the patient's head.

B. Transport rapidly

C. Search for an epinepherine auto-injector

D. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

If a patient was having a myocardial infarction, not an allergic reaction, and received an epinephrine auto-injection, which of the following would most likely occur?

A. Bradycardia

B. Stronger and faster heartbeat

C. No reaction if administered inadvertently

D. Relief of shortness of breath

30. By definition, a systemic position causes harm to which of the following?

A. The stomach and intestines

B. Localized areas of tissue

C. A specific organ system

D. The entire body

31. You have just arrived on the scene of an agricultural business and see three men coming out of a building, chocking and holding their heads. One of the men tells you there are two workers still inside. What should you do next?

A. Call for properly trained assistance and stay a safe distance from the scene

B. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and check on the status of the two workers inside the building

C. Get the assistance of the men who made it out of the building to prevent delay in finding the workers inside

D. Evaluate the three men and administer high-concentration oxygen, then help them get a safe distance away from the scene

32. By which of the following actions does carbon monoxide have its toxic effects?

A. Causes red blood cells to clump together

B. Prevents the blood from clotting

C. Prevents red blood cells from caryying oxygen

D. Prevents red blood cells from releasing carbon dioxide

33. You patient is a 50-year-old female with a history of alcoholism. She is found unresponsive in bed by her son. Which of the following possibilities should you keep in mind during your assessment?

A. Low blood sugar

B. A head injury

C. A heart attack

D. All of the above

34. Which of the following is a substance that will neutralize a poison or its effects?

A. Deactivator

B. Antidote

C. Antivert

D. Curative

35. Which of the following is a common sign and symptom in poisonings of all types?

A. Nausea and vomiting

B. Dizziness and palpations

C. Headache and diaphoresis

D. Pain and diaphoresis

36. OxyContin is an example of which of the following types of drugs?

A. Narcotic

B. Antidepressant

C. Appetitie supppressant

D. Barbituate

37. Which of the follwing statements concerning behavioral emergencies is true?

A. Emotional outbursts are considered behavioral emergencies

B. The person with a behavioral emergency requires institutionalization

C. A person with a behavioral emergency is metally ill

D. It may be difficult to determine what behavior is abnormal for a given person in a given situation

38. Which of the following may cause a patient to exhibit altered mental status behavior?

A. Hypoxia

B. Kidney stones

C. Gastroenteritis

D. All of the above

39. Which of the following actions is the MOST appropriate for the EMT to take when managing a patient with a behavioral emergency?

A. Find out if the patient's insurance covers psychiatric treatment

B. Calm and reassure the patient

C. Establish contril of the situation by a show of force

D. Quickly perform a head-to-toe exam and transport without delay

40. Which of the following traumatic conditions may account for signs and symptoms of a behavioral emergency?

A. A fractured lumbar vertebra

B. 10 percent BSA partial thickness burn

C. A fractured tibia

D. A head injury

41. When a person acts in a manner that is unacceptable to himself or those around him, this would be considered which of the following?

A. Mental illness

B. Psychotic episode

C. Behavioral emergency

D. Psychosomatic reaction

42. Which of the following findings would be helpful in differentiating between a closed head injury and a behavioral emergency?

A. Irrational behavior

B. Unequal pupils

C. Confusion

D. Combativeness

43. When responding to an attempted suicide, which of the following is the EMT's primary concern?

A. Personal safety

B. Determining whether the patient suffers from clinical depression

C. Contacting law enforcement since suicide is illegal

D. Managing the patient's airway

44. Concerning behavioral emergencies, which of the following statements is true?

A. Only a licensed psychiatrist can apply crisis management with a patient having a behavioral emergency

B. A diabetic problem may mimic signs of a behavioral emergency

C. It is relatively easy to determine if the underlying cause of a bahavioral emergency is related to drug abuse

D. A patients who does not respond to crisit management techniques must be restrained for transport to a psychiatric facility

45. Which of the following organs may be seriously damaged in sickle cell anemia, and often subsequently leads to severe infections?

A. Lungs

B. Kidneys

C. Liver

D. Spleen

46. _____ patients are at a high risk for acquiring the inherited disorder called sickle cell anemia.

A. Native Americans

B. African Americans

C. Eastern European

D. Hispanic

47. The correct terminology used for patients whose kidneys are damaged to the point where they reauire dialysis to survive is:

A. acute renal failure

B. end-stage renal disease

C. hepatic failure

D. terminal kidney disease

48. Two chronic medicall conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are ____ and ____.

A. blood clots; COPD

B. high cholesterol; cerebral aneurysms

C. heart failure; stroke

D. hypertension; diabetes

49. A patient with a medical history of sickle cell anemia is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient is breathing 26 times a minute in short, shallow respirations. However, the patient's oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry is 100 percent on room air. The best approach regarding supplemental oxygen is to:

A. do nothing; no supplemental oxygen is necessary

B. place the patient on a non-rebreather mask

C. place the patient on a nasal cannula

D. place the patient ona simple face mask

50. Once you encouter uncontrolled bleeding from a AV fistula, which of the following methods would you consider using to control bleeding in addition to direct pressure and elevation?

A. Internal wound management

B. Tourniquet

C. Hemostatic dressings

D. Pressure points

51. The sensation felt when palpating an arterial-venous fistula or shunt is known as a:

A. bruit

B. frill

C. thrill

D. flutterning

C. thrill

52. You suspect a patient who has been having a difficult time controlling the bleeding following a small laceration to the foot may have a history of:

A. sickle cell anemia

B. taking blood thinners

C. high blood pressure

D. poorly controlled diabetes

53. You encounter a patient who has bee having diffuse abdominal pain for one week. The patient has a pulse rate of 86, a blood pressure of 140/90 , and a respiratory rate of 20. However, the patient appears pale, and complains of generalized weakness and shortness of breath during everyday activities. You suspect the patient is experiencing:

A. anxiety disorder

B. chronic anemia

C. sickle cell anemia

D. pernicious anemia

54. Patients with a history of chronic anemia may present with which of the following signs and symptoms?

A. Bluish discoloration of the skin and shortness of breath

B. Yellowing of the skin and dyspnea on exertion

C. Flushed appearance and shortness of breath

D. Pale appearance and dyspnea on exertion

55. How many times a week do the majority of AMerican hemodialysis patients receive treatment?

A. Five

B. Three

C. Seven

D. One

56. Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

A. a rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions

B. the volume of blood that returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates

C. as the heart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles than the atria

D. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely

57. Which of the following statements reagarding the pain associated with AMI is correct?

A. It is often described by the patient as a sharp feeling

B. It can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest

C. It often flucuates in intensity when the patient breathes

D. Nitroglycerin usually resolves the pain within 30 minutes

58. Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

A. Labored breathing

B. Pedal edema

C. Pulmonary edema

D. Flat jugular veins

59. Your pateint is a 15-year-old male with a history of multiple prior hospitalizations for asthma. Upon your arrival tha patient responds only to painful stimuli and i making very weak respiratory effort. Which of the folllowing should you do?

A. Contact medical control

B. Check the patient's oxygen level

C. Assis the patient with his inhaler

D. Assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valave -mask device

60. Your patient is a 60-year-old female with a sudden onset of severe difficulty breathing. She has no prior history of respiratory problems. Which of the following should be done before applying oxygen by non-rebreather mask?

A. Listen to the patient's breath sounds

B. Obtain a history of the present illness

C. Check the patient's oxygen saturation level

D. None of the above

61. What is the primary effect of albuterol on the body?

A. Decreased heart rate

B. Dissolved mucus in the airways

C. Increased contraction of the diaphragm

D. Relaxation of the bronchioles

62. When you hear wheezes while auscultating your pateint's breath sounds, which of the following is most likley the cause?

A. There is an upper airway obstruction

B. There is mucous in the air passage

C. There is fluid in the lungs

D. The lower air passages in the lungs are narrowed

63. Which of the following is the primary cause of COPD?

A. Air polution

B. Congenital diseases

C. Infection

D. Cigarette smoking

64. Which of the following devices is used by patients with respiratory problems to assist with the delivery of medication from inhaler to the lungs?

A. A Pulmo-Aide

B. A small-volume nebulizer

C. A spacer

D. An oxygen-powered nebulizer

C. A spacer (check)

65. A patient who has shallow, sloe, irregular, gasping breath is said to have ____ respirations.

A. Kussmaul's

B. agonal

C. centreal neurologic

D. Chaeyne-Stokes

66. Which breath sound is the EMT most likely to hear when caring for an adult male with a partial airway obstruction that occurred while eating steak?

A. Ronchi

B. Stridor

C. Wheezes

D. Crackles

67. When the lung collapses without injury or any other cause, it is called:

A. COPD

B. Spontaneous pertussis

C. Spontaneous pulmonary embolism

D. Spontaneous pneumothorax

68. Which of the following is a complete list of the medications an EMT can assis the patient in taking under the direction of the Medical Director?

A. Prescribed bronchodilator inhalers, prescribed notroglycerin, and prescribed epinephrine auto-injectors

B. Any over-the-counter medicaiton, oral glucose, and oxygen

C. Aspirin, acetaminophen, oral glucose, insulin, prescribed brochodilator inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto-injectors

D. Aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, prescribed bronchodilator inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epineprine auto-injectors

69. Why do EMTs give aspirin to the patient on the ambulance?

A. Aspirin reduces the heart's ability to beat fast and works to prevent rapid rate

B. Apsirin reduces the pain level in patients who are in pain

C. Aspirin reduces the blood's ability to clot and works to prevent clot formation in patients suffering chest pain

D. It is given to calm the patient by reducign the pain because stress is the real killer

70. Which of the following is a potential side effect of notroglycerin?

A. Decreased blood pressure

B. Sudden increase in heart rate

C. Difficulty breathing

D. All of the above

71. Which of the following is a desired action of epinephrine auto-injector?

A. Constriction of blood vessels

B. Constriction of coronary arteries

C. Dilation of coronary arteries

D. Decrease in blood pressure

71. Which of the following BEST describes a contraindication to a medication?

A. An unintended action of the drug

B. The way in which a drug causes its effects

C. A reason why you shoul avoid giving a medication to a patient

D. A reason why you should give a medication to a patient

73. A drug's form refers to which of the folowing?

A. Its physical state, such as powder, liquid, or gas

B. The mandatory paperwork that must be completed when giving the drug

C. The type of container it comes in

D. The way in which it is administered

74. Which of the following should you anticipate when giving nitroglycerin to a patient?

A. A drop in the patient's blood pressure

B. A patient complaint of headache

C. A change in the level of pain experienced by the patient

D. All of the above

You respond to a medical call for a 59-year-old female complaining of tightness in her chest. You place her on a high concentration of oxygen and prepare for a short 5-minute transport to the hospital. The patient tells you she is on nitroglycerin, which she has not

taken.  Your partner tells you that you can give aspirin per protocol. Should you delay the patient transport to give the medication and why?

A. Any delay will cause the patient more heart damage, each delat weakens the myocardium

B. Yes, the nitroglycerin will cause the blood vessels to dilate and restore some blood flow, and the aspirin will slow the clotting process

C. Yes, the nitroglycerin will casue the heart to beat stronger and restore some blood flow , and the aspirin will east the pain

D. No, any delay will cause the patient more stress; she need to be in a definitive care facility

76. Bronchodilator inhalers have several comon side effects, which include:

A. decreased blood pressure and increaesed heart rate

B. bronchodilation and increased heart rate

vasoconstriction and increased heart rate

C. vasocontriction and increased heart rate

D. jitterness and increased heart rate

77. What are the actions of notroglycerin onthe human body?

A. It reduces the pain in the myocardium and lowers blood pressure

B. It causes the dilation of coronary blood pressure and reduces pain in the myocardium

C. It causes the constrictioin of bronshioled and reduces pain in the myocardium

D. It causes the dilation of coronary blood vessels that supply the heart muscle

78. A serious negative interaction for giving Notrostat is a drug interaction with what medications?

A. Nitroglycerin, Ventolin, and epinephrine

B. Sidenafil, vardenafil, and epinephrine

C. Viagra, Levitra, or medicaitons for erectile dysfunction

D. Oral glucose, Viagra, and aspirin

79. Name the type of medical direction consisting of standing orders and protocols.

A. Off-line

B. Verbal

C. On-line

D. Written