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Exam 4
Architecture and Affordability: Wright’s Prairie and Usonian Houses; Le Corbusier’s “Five Points of Architecture”; The Grid and The Colony; The Modern City: Haussmann’s Plan for Paris (listed in t
59
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2013

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Term
Fröbel Educational Toys “Gifts”
Definition
smooth wooden maple blocks: cube, the sphere and the triangle
among other geometric toys
Term
Queen Anne Style
Definition
Franklin Lloyd Wright's original style
-traditional
Term
Arts and Crafts Movement
Definition
focus on hand made; rejection of mass-production
Term
What culture influenced Frank Lloyd Wright's early work? -Roman -Greek -French -Japanese
Definition
Japanese
Term
Which of FLW's styles was featured in The Ladies Home Journal in 1901?
Definition
Prairie House 1901-1911
Term
What plan style did the prairie home follow?
Definition
pinwheel plan
Term
Prairie Home characteristics:
Definition
Low pitched roof with projecting eaves
Brick walls with stucco (concrete) ledge and coping
Open plan with central chimney (block)
Continuous bands of windows
Casement type windows with leaded panes and geometric lights
Terraces
Term
Usonian House
Definition
1936-c. 1947
Single family houses for middle income families
Term
Two futuristic components of Wright's homes
Definition
passive solar heat, built in furniture
Term
Famous Le Corbusier Book
Definition
Towards a New Architecture (Written in 1923, translated in 1927)
Term
Towards a New Architecture
Definition
collection of essays advocating for and exploring the concept of modern architecture
Term
Popular Concepts in Towards a New Architecture
Definition
-Mass Production of Homes
“the house is a machine for living”
Term
What are some qualities of mass-produced homes
Definition
*Reinforced concrete slabs and supports
*free plan
*free facade
*horizontal windows
*roof gardens
Term
What made modern Architecture different?
Definition
mass production and standardization
Term
What concept did Le Corbusier suggest with standardization?
Definition
-row houses (superblocks)
Term
organic growth
Definition
growth associated with unplanned cities
Term
Who and Where was the "father of city planning" from?
Definition
-Hippodamus of Milletus
-Ancient Greece
Term
qualities of city planning in ancient rome
Definition
-Peristyle courtyard
-Equestrian stature
Term
Where did the use of the grid become employed in city planning?
Definition
Ancient Greece
Term
Famous City Planner in US
Definition
William Penn and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Term
typical components of grid cities?
Definition
nodes and avenues
Term
Components of city planning in Ancient China?
Definition
hierarchy
Term
Two ideologies associated with the grid city?
Definition
democratic ideals and imperial aspirations
Term
Another name for grid?
Definition
orthagonal
Term
Bad qualities of cities such as Paris?
Definition
overcrowding, congestions, ill
health, periodic fires, slum-like conditions
Term
What was the point of streets and boulevards in Paris?
Definition
power of imminent domain
Term
What was placed at the nodes of Parisian streets?
Definition
public monument
Term
What was an attempt by Napoleon to please his people?
Definition
Public Buildings for the Bourgeoisie
-opera houses
Tree and Street Furnishing
-lights and benches
Term
Who continued on Napoleon's plans for improving Paris
Definition
Haussmann
Term
Concepts in a Modern City?
Definition
uniform height, sewage system, the park
Term
Why were parks essential for the modern city?
Definition
“The lungs of the City”
Term
What was the aim for Haussman's plans?
Definition
adopt Paris to the demands of rapid urbanization characteristic of the industrial age.
Term
What architectural style was the inspiration in Paris' city planning?
Definition
Baroque
Term
What were primary reasons for sub urbanization in the post war world?
Definition
slums, overcrowding, disease
Term
What led to the first suburbs?
Definition
Railroads
Term
Who claimed to design the first suburb?
Definition
Llewellyn S. Haskell
Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux
Term
Major aspect of first suburbs?
Definition
Picturesque; return to nature
Term
Major component in picturesque planning?
Definition
curvilinear streets with different size lots protected in their gated community
Term
Monumental aspect of Llewellyn Park?
Definition
Conceived as a neighborhood park - novel concept that influenced
suburban planning for decades
Term
What allowed suburbs to develop pre WWI?
Definition
the railroad and street car
Term
What classes were suburbs designed for?
Definition
Communities served the upper middle class
Term
What did suburbs provide its residents?
Definition
basic community institutions such as schools, shops, and libraries
Term
Which means of transportation allowed for the concept of urban sprawl?
Definition
Model T
Term
What led to the growth of suburbs?
Definition
End of WW2
Term
Veteran soldiers craved what after returning from war?
Definition
Affordable mass-produced homes
Term
What did William Levitt and Sons design?
Definition
low-middle class communities
Term
What was Levittown in terms of suburbanization?
Definition
archetype for the postwar suburban community
Term
How many variations of the Cape Cod home exist?
Definition
4 box homes
Term
What did mass-production lead to?
Definition
elimination of basement, houses sit on concrete
slabs; green lawn, white picket fence
Term
Basic Social Unit influenced what aspect of Cape-Cod Homes?
Definition
The two-child family determined necessary sizes of homes
Term
Urban Sprawl
Definition
conversion of farmland into residential car-depending subdivisions
Term
Characteristics of Suburbanization
Definition
Unplanned growth
Low density automobile dependent development
High segregation of uses
Lack of cultural and community facilities
Term
What was the "Best Planned City"
Definition
Buffalo, NY
Term
Who were the most significant city planners in Buffalo?
Definition
Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux
Term
What is a "country park" ?
Definition
a combination of trees, standing singly or in
groups, and casting their shadows over the broad
stretches of turf, or repeating their beauty by reflection upon the calm surface of pools
Term
What was the purpose of the parade of a park?
Definition
A place for Active Sports and Democratic Socializing
Term
What was the purpose of the "front" in a park?
Definition
This housed the Front Park, Scenery, &
Active Sports
Term
Which one of Olmstead's parks were never created to his full vision?
Definition
“Water Park” (South Park)
Term
What component would have been beneficial to Buffalo in "Water Park"?
Definition
Proposed canal to connect South Park to downtown
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