Term
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Definition
cognitive processes by which people start with info and come to conclusions that go beyond that info
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Term
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Definition
| based on the info we have, we make conclusions that are definitely true |
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Term
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Definition
| based on the info we have, we make conclusions that are probably true |
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Term
Syllogisms
premises - provide info
conclusion - determines the validity and truth about the conclusion
Categorical syllogism |
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Definition
| describe relation between two categories using all, no or some |
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Term
Validity of Syllogisms
depends on the form of the syllogism |
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Definition
| conclusion flows logically from the premises |
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Term
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Definition
| truth depends on the content of the syllogism |
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Term
Syllogisms can be...
valid but...
invalid but... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
take the form of "if p, then q"
p - antecedent
q - consequent |
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Term
| people are better at judging valid conditional syllogisms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
type of formal logic
typically we aren't that great at formal logic unless the problem is states as a real-world problem
Wason Four-Card Problem
determine the minimum number of cards to turn over to test statements |
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Term
Falsification Principle (Wason Four Card Problem)
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Definition
to test a rule, you must look for situations that falsify the rule
most people and scientists fail to do this |
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Term
| Pragmatic Reasoning Schema |
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Definition
| thinking about cause and effect in the world as part of experiencing everyday life |
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Term
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Definition
| if A is satisfied, B can be carried out |
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Term
Inductive Reasoning
premises are based on..
conclusions are based on... |
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Definition
observation
strength of the arguments
-representativeness of observations
-number of observations
-quality of the evidence |
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