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| feeling of dependency and emotional closeness that hostages sometimes develop toward their kidnappers in prolonged hostage situations. |
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- a syndrome that occurs in people who work with other poeple; symptoms include emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.
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}Jackson and Schuler (1983) have proposed four organizational qualities that increase burnout: |
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Definition
}1) lack of rewards (especially positive feedback),
}2) lack of control over job demands,
}3) lack of clear job expectations, and
4) lack of support from supervisors. |
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}Possible Solutions for burnout: |
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}Officers can be given greater flexibility in how they respond to demands.
}Team policing: a partial shift of decision making from a centralized authority to front-line officers and their immediate supervisors.
Many police agencies have developed their own stress management programs or refer their officers to other agencies for counseling to reduce burnout |
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Definition
| a set o fbeliefs and characteristics that include submissivenss to authorities, demnds for obediance from subordinates, intolerance of minorities and other outgroups, and endorsement of the use of power and punishment to ensre comformity to conventional norms. |
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- attendance/performance in school are monitored.
- a varation on the standard conditions of probation in which the youth's attendance, performance, and behavior in school are monitored through the probation officer's personal visits to the school
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[image]involve the delivery of individualized services from collaborating agencies such as those responsible for mental health care, educational services, and juvenile corrections.
Such services are useful particularly for youth with serious mental or emotional problems. |
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| an implicit or explicit bargain in which the harasser promises a reward or threatens punishment in exchange for a specfic response (often sexual in nature) from a work place supervisee |
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Battered woman’s syndrome |
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| a collection of symptoms may of which are minifest in women who hae suffered prolonged and extensive abuse from their spouses |
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| a personality disorder characterized by impulsivity and instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and interpersonal relationships. |
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| the development of anxiety, dissociative, and other symptoms that occurs within 1 month after exposure to an extreme traumatic event and whose duration is between 2 days and 4 weeks. |
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Definition
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Focuses on multiple “systems”: the individual, family, peer, school, and social networks.
It delivers services based in the home, school, or elsewhere in the community, with 3-4 therapists working in a team.
Therapists are available 24/7, working to prevent problems or crises in the youth’s life from having a major impact.
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[image]was more effective than usual diversion services on two outcomes:
[image]1) improving both self-reported and observed family relations, and
[image]2) decreasing youth behavior problems and time spent with deviant peers.
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[image]also reduces recidivism and decreases placements outside the home among juveniles charged with serious offenses.
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Stages of the batterer’s cycle |
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Definition
- tension-building phase-begins with increased criticism of the partner and perhaps even minor physical assulat
- acute battering incident-by the time this more serious form of aggression occurs, the woman has become too dependent on the man to break off the relationship easily. he has succeeded in controlling her behavior and curtailing her contact with friends who might have possibly helped extract her from her plight.
- contrite phase-batterer apologizes for his attack, promises never to do it again and persuades the woman that he is a changed man.
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Term
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Definition
- individuals who suffer a severe trauma and weeks or months later, continue to experience intense fear-related reactions when reminded of the trauma.
- symptoms:
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Term
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Definition
- frequent reexperiencing the the event through intrusive thoughts, flasbacks and repeated nightmares and dreams
- persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and a general numbing or deadening of emotions (feeling detached or estranged from others)
- increased physiological arousal resulting in exaggerated startle resonses or difficulty sleeping
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| Edna foe came up with the Prevention of PTSD |
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Definition
- education about the common psychological reactions to assualt in order to hlep victims relaize that hteir responses are normal
- training in skills such as relaxation so that the women are better prepared to cope with stress
- emotionally reliving the trauma through imagery-based exposure methods to allow victims to defuse their lingering fears of the trauma
- cognitive restructuring to help the women replace negative beliefts about their competence and adequacy with more realistic appraisls
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Definition
| designed to protect victims' right to privacy during trial and to excldue evidence about past sexual behavior that might influence the jury's decision in the case. |
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| the most common tratment for sexu offender to reduce their sex drive is to provide them with a synthetic female hormone, MPA. MPA dereases the leavel of testoterone in the body thereby decreasing sexual arousal in ost men; however, th drug has also been assoicated with a number of negative side effects including weight gain, hair loss, feminization of the body, and gall bladder problems. |
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Functional family therapy |
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Definition
A community-based intervention, provided by a single therapist with weekly sessions over an average period of three months.
It is family-focused, and is often delivered in the home.
FFT is associated with a significant reduction in recidivism when compared with “treatment as usual” or no treatment |
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Term
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Definition
generally violent batters-displayed the highest levels of aggressivesadistic behavior
psychopathological batterers-exhibited more passive-aggressive/dependent characteristics
family-only batters-displayed violent behaviors but generally did not hold violence supportive beliets and attitudes.
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Recidivism in abused and neglected children |
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Definition
| researchers found that by age 32, almost half of the abused/neglected group had been arrested for nontraffic offense. this percentage was considerbly greater than for the matched control sample (38%). furthermore victims of abuse and neglect were more likely than members of the control group to have been arrested for violent crimes even after controlling for age, race, and gender. |
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Term
History and development of IQ tests |
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Definition
}First developed for military use. was used to test who was not suitable to be in the armed forces. WW2 used it frequently.
}Wasn’t until 1960’s until we used it for MI. when it was first developed it was preceieved that the only people that could take the IQ test were whites.
police selection:
}Psychological evaluation of police personnel began in 1916 when Terman tested 30 applicants for police and firefighter jobs.
}Terman (1917) found that the average IQ among these applicants was 84 and recommended that no one with an IQ below 80 be accepted for these jobs.
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Term
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Definition
- the extent to which an interview yields the same information on different occasions or with different interviewers (reliablity is increased by the use of structured interviews-those in which the wording, order and content of the interview are standardized.
- the degree to which that information is accurately related to important criteria
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Term
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Definition
measured anxiety, OCS, schzopernia.
One personality test designed specifically to identify psychologically unsuitable law enforcement candidates is the Inwald Personality Inventory. This has good reliability, and research suggests that its predictive validity is significantly better than that of the MMPI (another commonly used test). |
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Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment |
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Definition
| in this experiment police officer's responses to domestic violence were randomly assigned to be (1) arresting the suspected batterer, (2) ordering one of the parties to leave the residence or (3) giving the couple immediate advice on reducing their violence. subsequent offending was reduced by almost 50% when the suspect was arrrested, a significantly better outcome than tht achieved by the two nonarrest alternatives. these findings quickly changed public and expert opinion about the value of aresting domestic batterers and soon many cities had replaced informal counseling with immediate arrest as their response to domestic violence case. |
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Term
Primary duties of police officers |
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Definition
}Enforcing the law (e.g., making arrests). Accounts for about 10% of police activity.
}Maintaining order (e.g., keeping traffic moving). Accounts for about 30% of police activity.
}Providing services (e.g., helping stranded motorists). Accounts for most police activity. |
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Term
Counseling in the police departments
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Definition
peer counseling-involving the delivery of services by police officers, has the potential to overcome the stigma of being inolved in treatment with a psychiatrist or psychologist.
post-incident counseling-provide counseling targeted at problems specific to police officers- who have been invovled in the use of deadly force. the emotional aftermath of shooting incidents is among the most traumatic experiences the police encounter and can often lead to symptoms of PTSD.
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Reactions to community-based policing |
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Definition
- some opponents have criticized as expensive and as seeking to turn police officers into social workers wth guns.
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Oregon Treatment Foster Care |
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Definition
[image]Involves placing juveniles with specially trained foster parents rather than in residential placement.
[image]The OFTC team includes a case manager, therapists, and foster parents who are available 24/7.
Youth treated with OTFC were more likely to complete treatment, spent less time in detention over the next year, and were arrested less often during this period |
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Secure residential facilities |
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Definition
Residential placements for juveniles can be effective, particularly when they focus on skills training (in areas like anger control and decision-making), vocational training, and educational and mental health needs.
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Term
| although many persons who experience severe trauma may develop acute stress disorder (trauma-related symptoms that last less than one month), most do not go on to develop PTSD. |
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Definition
*The Cycle of Violence
*As many as 40% of batterers have the features of borderline personality disorder, a severe disturbance that is characterized by unstable moods and behavior. |
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Term
*Motivations and Characteristics of Rapists
*Experts have developed typologies of rapists. Most typologies have emphasized four factors that distinguish different types of rapists:
*1) the amount and type of aggression the rapist used;
*2) when the level of aggression was high, whether it heightened sexual arousal in a sadistic manner;
*3) whether the offender showed evidence of psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder; and
*4) whether the offender relied on deviant sexual fantasies to produce sexual arousal.
*Using a weapon is very unlikely |
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Definition
*The Rape Victim as a Trial Witness
*Jurors can be influenced by testimony about the woman’s character, reputation, and lifestyle, and this has led all states to adopt rape shield laws.
Rape shield laws are designed to protect victims’ rights to privacy during trial and to exclude evidence about past sexual behavior that might influence the jury’s decision in the case |
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Term
Risk factors and situational factors of rape |
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Definition
- individuals who were previoiusly victimized are at an increased risk for subsequent victimization
- when both the victim and assailant have been drinking or using drugs
- on dates in which the man pays all the expenses
- when the date is at an isolated location
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