Term
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Definition
| Physical, emotional, cognitive & behavioral responses to threatening or challenging events |
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Term
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Definition
Distress
Effect of undesirable stressors
Eustress
Effect of positive events |
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Term
| Major Life Changes and the SRRC |
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Definition
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRC)
• Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe
• Any life event that required people to chance, adapt, or adjust their lifestyles would result in stress, no matter positive or negative
• Events 0-100
• Assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life over a 1-year period resulting from major life events |
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Term
| Everyday Sources of Stress |
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Definition
Aggression
Pressure
Uncontrollability
Frustration
Hassles |
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Term
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Definition
Actions meant to harm or destroy; often stems from frustration
Types:
Displaced aggression
Escape or withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
may feel aggressive thoughts toward a particular person or object, but not expressed
○ Ex. Frustrated with boss, so goes home and kicks the dog |
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Term
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Definition
| leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy, drug abuse, or apathy |
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Term
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Definition
Frustrations, delays, irritations, minor disagreements, etc.
○ Residual "ripples" from stressors |
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Term
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Definition
Pulled toward 2 desires/goals where only one can be attained
Approach-approach
Avoidance-avoidance
Approach-avoidance |
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Term
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Definition
"Win-win"
Must choose between two options that are both good things |
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Term
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Definition
"Lose-lose", "caught between a rock and a hard place"
Must choose between two options that are both bad things |
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Term
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Definition
| Only one goal; must choose or not choose positive and negative aspects |
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Term
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Definition
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Sympathetic NS
"arouses"
(fight-or-flight)
Parasympathetic NS
"calms"
(rest and digest) |
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Term
| Response for Stress (Biological) |
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Definition
• ANS Activation
○ Adrenal Medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
• Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA Axis)
○ Secretion of Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) |
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Term
| Concepts of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
• Body's defense against stress
• Non-specific response
• Reaction to any environmental stressor |
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Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome (3 Stages) |
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Definition
1. Alarm - first reaction to stressor; ANS activation
2. Resistance: adaptation to stressor
3. Exhaustion: resources depleted, harmful effects of stress |
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Term
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Definition
| Study effects of psychological factors and behaviors on immune system |
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Term
| Adeer & Cohen study in rats: |
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Definition
T-Helper
Destroys cancer cells and viruses
B-Helper
Fights bacterial infections
Macrophages
white blood cells within tissues, produced by the division of monocytes, ingests harmful invaders & debris |
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Term
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Definition
Stress promotes Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
1. Elevated blood pressure
2. Hardening & clogging
3. CHD - heart cannot receive nourishment |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled cell growth & division |
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Term
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells |
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Definition
| Immune-system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells |
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Term
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Definition
• 2004 - third leading cause of death for adolescents
• Elderly white males: highest rate
• Women attempt > men
• Men complete > women |
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Term
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Definition
• Listen, ask about feelings
• "companioning" = most important |
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Term
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Definition
• Lazarus & Folkman
• Person-environment relationship
• Primary & Secondary Appraisal |
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Term
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Definition
| the first step in assessing stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as a threat or a challenge |
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Term
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Definition
| the second step in assessing a threat, which involves estimating the resources available to the person for coping with the stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| Mastering tolerating or reducing stressor effects |
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Term
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Definition
Problem-focused
Eliminate/reduce source of stress via direct action
Ex. Researching a disease that your relative has been diagnosed with
Emotional-focused
Coping; change stressor impact by changing emotional reaction
Ex. Changing how you feel about a certain situation, could lead to problem-focused |
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Term
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Definition
Type A
Ambitious, time conscious, hardworking, often hostile
Type B
Relaxed, less competitive, slow to anger
Type C
Pleasant, unlikely to express negative emotion
Hardy Personality (Type H)
Thrives on stress but lacks anger/hostility of Type A; committed and in control, see things as challenges |
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Term
| Components of Hardy Personality (Type H) |
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Definition
Commitment
Invested in what one is doing, helps tolerate what comes along with it
Control
Feel that they are in control of their lives and what is going on
Ex. If riding the coaster is your own idea, it’s fun; if someone makes you ride it, it’s not fun.
Challenge
Look at things as a challenge as opposed to a threat |
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Term
Stress & Social Factors
(Increase impact of stress) |
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Definition
Poverty
Wok/job stressors
Acculturation stressors |
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Term
| Acculturative Stress and Types |
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Definition
From need to adapt one’s ways to majority culture
• Integration - both cultures
• Assimilation - cut off original part
• Separation - retains original characteristics despite new culture
• Marginalization - on the fringe of new culture |
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Term
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Definition
Preventing
Reduce the likelihood that stressful events occur, but some stress is good
Managing
Improve our ability to deal with stress |
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Term
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Definition
| There are certailn aspects of a person's life that help to protect them or give them ways to deal with stress |
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Term
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Definition
• Know your limits
• Exercise
• Deep breathing
• Relaxation
• Meditation
• Visual imagery |
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