Term
Define the following:
1. ecdysis
2. metamerism
3. tagma |
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Definition
1. molting of the exoskeleton
2. segmentation
3. body unit made up of multiple fused body segments (head, thorax, abdomen) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. cephalothorax
2. ectoparasite
3. biramous
4. uniramous |
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Definition
1. fused head/thorax (Chelicerata)
ex. Horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks
2. parasite that lives on the surface of an organism (Acari)
ex. dust mites
3. two pairs of appendages (Crustacea)
4. single series of appendages |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Antennal Gland
2. Malphigian Tubule
3. Diapause |
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Definition
1. excretory organ used for communication (Crusatcea)
2. excretory organ (Hexapoda/Insecta)
3. period of dormancy triggered by signals before adverse conditions arrive (butterflies) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Direct Development
2. Indirect Development
3. Complete Metamorphism
4. Incomplete Metamorphism |
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Definition
1. no metamorphosis or larval stage
2. metamorphosis
3. pronounced transition from larva to adult
ex. butterflies
4. less dramatic transition (young=nymph)
ex. grasshoppers |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Gall
2. Phytophagous
3. Saprophagous |
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Definition
1. flies deposit eggs in plant tissue, outgrowth of plant tissue, houses and feeds larva
2. herbivorous
3. scavengers |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Pentamerously radial
2. aboral/oral
3. ossicles |
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Definition
1. body can be divided into five parts
2. side without mouth/side with mouth
3. calcareous plates that make up endoskeleton |
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Term
Define the following:
1. pedicellariae
2. papulae |
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Definition
1. tiny jaws that keep surface clean
2. skin gills that lie between ossicles used for respiration and secretion |
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Term
Define the following:
1. water vascular system
2. madreporite
3. ampulla
4. tube feet |
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Definition
1. hydraulic locomotion system
2. structure where water enters for WVS
3. bulb structure that stores water that enters the WVS
4. external fluid filled muscular tubes used for motion |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Notochord
2. Tunic |
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Definition
1. semirigid skeletal rod usually extending the length of the body and provides embryo with support
2. tough, nonliving covering of tunicates |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Agnatha
2. Gnathostomata
3. Pisces
4. Tetrapod |
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Definition
1. jawless (hagfish, lampreys)
2. jaw (sharks, amphibians, birds, mammals)
3. fish
4. legs/wings (including snakes) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Amniote
2. Anamniote
3. Andromous
4. Catadromous |
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Definition
1. amniotic membranes (reptiles, birds, mammals)
2. no membrane (all fish and amphibs)
3. ascend freshwater, spawn and die (salmon)
4. migrate downstream into ocean (eels) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Placoid scale
2. Ganoid
3. Cycloid or Ctenoid |
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Definition
1. spiny scales like teeth (sharks)
2. diamond shape (gar)
3. scales on typical fish (bass) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Teleosts
2. Nonteleosts |
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Definition
1. ctenoid (typical fish)
2. ganoid scales (gar) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Rectal gland
2. Lateral line
3. Operculum
4. Ampullary organs |
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Definition
1. secretes urea and excess salt
2. canal system on sides and head; receptors sensitive to vibrations and current
3. gill cover
4. receptors on head senstive to electrical fields |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Oviparous
2. Ovoviviparous
3. viviparous |
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Definition
1. egg laying
2. egg retained until birth
3. live birth, placental nourishment |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Neuron
2. Afferent
3. Efferent
4. Interneurons |
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Definition
1. functional unti of nervous system
2. sensory neurons, sends impulses to receptors to CNS
3. motor neurons, sends impulses from CNS
4. connect afferent and efferent neurons |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Neuroglia cell
2. Schwann cell
3. astrocytes
4. ganglia |
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Definition
1. support neurons
2. lay down insulation myelin sheath around axons
3. store and provide nutrients and ions
4. bundles of neuron cell bodies that lie outside of CNS |
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Term
Define the following:
1. All or none
2. resting potential
3. action potential |
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Definition
1. all impulses identical; frequency=strength
2. overall net negative charge inside axon because Na is pumped out and K pumped in but some K leaks out leaving a net negative charge
3. axon membrane becomes permeable to Na which rushes in, producing a wave of depolarization down length of axon |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Node of Ranvier
2. synapse |
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Definition
1. connections between sheathed region where action potential jumps from node to node, increases speed of impulse
2. gap between neurons |
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Term
Define the following:
1. neurotransmitter
2. reflex arc |
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Definition
1. molecule in vesicles at the end of neurons
ex. acetylcholine
2. impulse that travels from sensory nerve to motor nerve via spinal cord bypassing the brain to an effector causing a rapid, involuntary reflex act |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Medulla
2. Cerebellum
3. Pons |
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Definition
Hindbrain
1. controls heart rate, breathing, blood vessel diameter
2. controls equilibrium, posture, movement
3. communication with cerebellum |
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Term
Define the following:
1. CNS
2. Peripheral NS
3. Somatic NS
4. Autonomic NS |
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Definition
1. brain and spinal cord
2. outside CNS
3. innervates skeletal muscles (voluntary)
4. innervates smooth muscle (involuntary) |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Parasympatheic system
2. Sympathetic |
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Definition
1. controls resting responses
-eating, drinking, urination
2. controls physical activity (fight or flight responses)
-heart and metabolic rate, dialation of skeletal blood vessels, decreased GI activity |
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Term
Define the following:
1. pheromone
2. cochlea |
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Definition
1. organic compound released to elicit a physiological or behavioral response from another individual (ants)
2. snail like structure of the inner ear with fluid filled parts that contain small hairs |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Saccule and Utricle
2. Semicircular canal
3. Rods
4. Cones |
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Definition
1. used for static balance as stony particles stimulate hairs they rest on
2. rotational acceleration as fluid movement in three canals stimulates hairs as body moves and turns
3. majority of photo receptors, colorless vision in dim light, concentrated at retina's periphery
4. fewer than 1 million, provides color vision in stronger light, concentrated in retina's center |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Ectothermic
2. Poikilothermic
3. Paedomorphosis |
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Definition
1. Cold blooded; regulates body heat by exchanging heat with its surroundings
2. temperature varies greatly
3. retention of juvenile or larval traits later in life |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Serous gland
2. Chromatophore
3. Amplexus |
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Definition
1. in skin of amphibians, contains toxins for defense
2. branched cells; pigment concentrated or spread out to change color
3. male grasps female and fertilizes eggs as they are laid |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Hormone
2. Endocrine gland
3. Exocrine gland |
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Definition
1. chemical messenger produced in small quantities, carried to blood
2. ductless, secrete hormones into blood,; more far reaching effect
ex. pituitary, adrenals
3. secrete via ducts but not hormones; effect is localized
ex. sweat, scent, salivary |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Tropic Hormone
2. Membrane receptor
3. Nuclear receptor |
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Definition
1. stimulates endocrine gland to secrete another hormone
2. plasma proteins that first messengers bind to
3. receptor inside nucleus that turns on genes to produce enzymes and catalyze reactions |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Positive feedback
2. Negative feedback |
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Definition
1. usual; hormones effect is monitored and then shut down
2. rare; hormones effect reinforced until event outside system shuts it down
ex. oxytocin and labor contractions |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Cretinism
2. Goiter |
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Definition
1. under secretion of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); causes retardation
2. enlargement of the thyroid due to iodine deficiency |
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Term
Define the following:
1. Hypothalmus
2. Cerebrum
3. Thalamus |
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Definition
Forebrain
1. homeostatic control of hunger, thirst, body temp; emotions, circadian rhythm
2. higher mental activities
3. analyze and relay sensory info to cerebrum; knowledge
Midbrain- relay visual and sound stimuli |
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