Term
|
Definition
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gluteus maximus
deep rotators (6)
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus |
|
|
Term
| motions at ankle and foot |
|
Definition
plantarflexion 30-50, dorsiflexion 20 - sagittal plane and frontal axis
eversion, inversion - frontal plane and sagittal axis
adduction/ abduction - transverse plane.
triplanar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rectus femoris
sartorius
gracilis
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris (long head)
tensor fascia lata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
attaches anteriorly to the AIIS |
|
|
Term
| Position to stretch piriformis |
|
Definition
| the prime mover of hip lateral rotation. Can be stretched by placing hip in the lateral rotation (while also flexed). It is the only deep lateral rotator that functions this way. |
|
|
Term
| Positioning to stretch two-joint muscles |
|
Definition
| the hip flexor origin (pelvis) must be stabilized to prevent a reverse muscle action that would create anterior pelvic tilt. This stabilization is achieved primarily by: 1) abdonminal muscle contraction and 2) bending the opposite hip and knee. Both of these actions help lock the pelvis in a posterior direction, which helps resists the anterior tilting force exerted by the hip flexor muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakness or loss of the gluteus medius and minimus causes the non-affected side to drop significantly when you stand on the affected side and lift your non-affected side off the ground |
|
|
Term
| open chain motion at ankle and foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| closed chain motion at knee joint |
|
Definition
| The medial condydle of the femur must also glide posteriorly to use its entire articular surface. It is this posterior gliding of the medial femoral condyle during the last few degrees of weight bearing extension that causes the femur to spin (rotate medially) on the tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at the knee joint, the tibia rotates laterally on the femur. These last few degrees of motion lock the knee in extension. With the knee fully extended, an individual can stand for a long time without using muscles. for knee flexion to occur the knee must be unlocked by lateral rotating the femur on the tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
have both attachments distal to the ankle joint.
Extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by abnormal pressure on the plantar digital nerves commonly at the web space between the third and fourth metatarsals. This pressure can result in pain and numbness in the toe area that gets worse with activity such as running |
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Term
|
Definition
| caused by forced hyperextension of greater at the MTP joint. It is commonly seen in football, baseball, and soccer players |
|
|
Term
| If there is contracture in the anterior compartment... |
|
Definition
| Strengthen the posterior compartment |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial/ lateral rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ilium, ischium, pubis, femur, tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iliac fossa
iliac crest
ASIS
AIIS
PSIS
PIIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Body
Ramus
Ischial tuberosity
Spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superior ramus
inferior ramus
pubis symphysis
pubic tubercle
acetabulum
abductor foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
head
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
body medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
lateral condyle
medial condyle
adductor tubercle
linea aspera
pectineal line
patellar surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
Ligamemtum teres
acetabular labrum
inguinal ligament
iliotibal band |
|
|
Term
| Anterior muscles of the hip |
|
Definition
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
sartorius |
|
|
Term
| medial muscles of the hip |
|
Definition
pectineus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis |
|
|
Term
| posterior muscles of the hip |
|
Definition
gluteus maximus
deep rotators (6)
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris (long and short heads) |
|
|
Term
| Lateral muscles of the hip |
|
Definition
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
congenital hip dislocation
legg-calve-perthes disease
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
coxa valga
coxa vara
anteversion
retroeversion
osteoarthritis
hip fracture
iliotibial band syndrome
trochanteric bursitis
hamstring strain |
|
|
Term
| congenital hip dislocation |
|
Definition
| occurs when an usually shallow acetabulum causes the femoral head to slide upward. the joint capsule remains intact, though stretched |
|
|
Term
| legg-calve-perthes disease |
|
Definition
| aka coxa plana, a condition in which the femoral head undergoes necrosis. It is usually seen in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. During the course of the disease, it may take about 2 to 4 years for the head to revascularize, and then remodel |
|
|
Term
| slipped capital femoral epiphysis |
|
Definition
| seen in children during the growth-spurt years. the proximal epiphysis slips from its normal position on the femoral head. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by a neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees. Because this angle is "straighter" it tends to make the limb longer, thus placing the hip in an adducted position during weight-bearing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deformity in which the neck-shaft angle is less than the normal 125 degrees. Because it is "more bent" it tends to make the involved limb shorter, dropping the pelvis on that side during weight-bearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an increase in the angle of torsion (greater than 15-25 degrees). It forces the hip joint into a more medially rotated position, causing the person to walk more "toed in." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A decrease in the angle of torsion (less than 15-25 degrees) that forces the hip into a more laterally rotated position, causing the person to walk more "toed out" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a degeneration of the articular cartilage of the joint. It may result from trauma or wear and tear and is typically seen later in life. It is commonly treated with a total joint replacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tend to be of two types: intertrochanteric and femoral neck. These are very common among elderly people, usually resulting from falls. High impact trauma such as motor vehicle accidents may cause hip fractures in younger individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an overuse injury causing lateral knee pain. It is commonly seen in runners and bicyclists. This syndrome is believed to result from repeated friction of the band that slides over the lateral femoral epipcondyle during knee motion. It is caused by such factors as muscle tightness, worn-down shoes, and running on uneven surfaces. Because many muscles insert at the greater trochanter, there are many bursae providing a friction-reducing cushion between muscles and bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the result of either acute trauma or overuse. It can be seen in runners or bicyclists or in someone with a leg length discrepancy, or it can be caused by other factors that put repeated stress on the greater trochanter |
|
|
Term
| hamstring strain (pulled hamstring) |
|
Definition
| probably the most common muscle problem in the body. Unfortunately it is often recurrent. It may result from an overload of the muscle or trying to move the muscle too fast. It is a common injury among sprinters and in sports that require bursts of speen or rapid acceleration, such as soccer, track and field, football, baseball, and rugby. Can occur at one of the attachment site or at any point along the length of the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexion and extension with accessory rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| open-chain knee extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| closed-chain knee extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
femur
tibia
fibula
patella
calcaneus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Head
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
body
medial condyle
lateral condyle
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
adductor tubercle
linea aspera
pectineal line
patellar surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intercondylar eminence
medial condyle
lateral condyle
plateau
tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus |
|
|
Term
| other structures of the knee |
|
Definition
Bursae of the knee
popliteal space
pes anserine muscle group |
|
|
Term
| pes anserine muscle group |
|
Definition
| (goose foot) made up of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus. Provides medially stability of the knee |
|
|
Term
| anterior muscles of the knee |
|
Definition
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedialis |
|
|
Term
| posterior muscles of the knee |
|
Definition
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
popliteus
gastrocnemius
tensor fascia latae
gracilis
sartorius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genu valgum
genu varum
genu recurvatum
patellar tendonitis
osgood-schlatter disease
baker's cyst
patellofemoral pain syndrome
chrondromalacia patella
prepatellar bursitis
terrible triad
miserable malalignment syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knees together. weight bearing force moves lateral of knee joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bow legged. weight-bearing force moves to the medial knee joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than 5 degrees extension, "back bent" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain in anterior knee. Caused by jumping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually in children at traction tibial tuberosity epiphysis |
|
|
Term
| baker's cyst (popliteal cyst) |
|
Definition
| not a cyst. Named because baker's on feet all day. Herniation of the synovial joint or bursitis in the posterior aspect of the knee |
|
|
Term
| patellofemoral pain syndrome |
|
Definition
| a common problem causing diffuse anterior knee pain. Generally considered the result of a varitey of alignment factors, such as increased q angle, patella alta (high riding patella), quadriceps weakness or tightness, weakness of hip lateral roators, and excessive foot pronation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the softening and generation of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Housemaid's knee" anterior aspect of the knee. constant pressure between the skin and the patella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single blow to the knee, lateral aspect blow
ACL
MCL
Medial meniscus |
|
|
Term
| miserable malalignment syndrome |
|
Definition
| genu valgus, tibial torsion, pronated flat foot |
|
|
Term
| Largest joint in the body is the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| longest muscle in the body is the... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| knee joint normal range of motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| convex bone in knee joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concave bone in knee joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In open-chain motion, knee extension to flexion... |
|
Definition
| tibia moves laterally on the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| femur moves medially on the tibia |
|
|
Term
| Open-packed position of knee |
|
Definition
| 25 degrees flexion, most joint play |
|
|
Term
| closed-packed postion of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mechanical advantage of the patella |
|
Definition
| increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle and protects the knee. Without it the moment arm at the knee joint would be shorter and much of the muscle's force would be a stabilizing force directed back into the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
patellofermoral angle. the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon. It is determined by drawing a line from the ASIS to the midpoint of the patella
19 degrees normal
Women tends to have greater Q angle because of larger hips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insertion for gastrocnemius |
|
|
Term
| Cruciates provide stability in... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collaterals provide stability in... |
|
Definition
| frontal plane. side-to-side forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tightens during extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has fibers that attach to medial meniscus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deepens the socket of the hip joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deepens the socket in the knee joint. provide shock absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind the knee. Where the sciatic nerve splits into tibial and fibular (peroneal) nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insertion of gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus. Medial tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Innervated by femoral nerve
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most superficial. Crosses hip and knee. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
posterior compartment of thigh
biceps femoris
semimembranosus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Unlock," initiates knee flexion out of the screw home |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
some flexion
plantar flexion prime mover |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tibia
fibula
tarsals (7)
calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms (3)
metatarsals (5)
phalanges (14) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
medial condyle
lateral condyle
crest
medial malleolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| landmarks of the calcaneus |
|
Definition
calcaneal tuberosity
sustentaculum tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| landmarks of the navicular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| landmarks of the metatarsals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| landmarks of the phalanges |
|
Definition
base of phalanges
head of phalanges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plantarflexion/ dorsiflexion (sagittal plane)
inversion/ eversion (frontal plane)
adduction/ abduction (transverse plane)
supination (plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction)
Pronation (dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
talotibial (talocrural) joint
subtalar joint
transverse tarsal joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior surfaces of the talas, not much movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| related to carpentry and stability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)
proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
flexibility in foot allows adaption to uneven surfaces |
|
|
Term
| metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) |
|
Definition
| flexion/ extension/ hyperextension/ adduction/ abduction |
|
|
Term
| proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deltoid ligament (4 parts)
lateral ligament (3 parts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
medial longitudinal arch
lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch |
|
|
Term
| plantar ligaments and aponeurosis |
|
Definition
spring ligament
long plantar ligament
short plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supports longitudinal arch |
|
|
Term
| superficial muscles of the ankle and foot |
|
Definition
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
innervated by the tibial nerve |
|
|
Term
| deep posterior muscles of the ankle and foot |
|
Definition
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles the originate distal ... Deep fibular nerve lie deep to their extrinsic counterpart. Tibial nerve branches to form medial and plantar nerves |
|
|
Term
| anterior muscles of the ankle and foot |
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
| lateral muscles of the ankle and foot |
|
Definition
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shin splints
pes cavus
pes planus
metatarsalgia
ankle sprain
ankle fracture
plantar fasciitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
motion in all three planes
flex extension, and hyperextension - sagittal
120 degrees flexion, 15 degrees hyperextension
abd/add - frontal plane, 45 degrees abd, 25 degrees add
med/lat rotation - tranverse plane, 45 degrees each direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| firm except, flexion soft |
|
|
Term
| open-packed position of hip |
|
Definition
| 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abd, and small degree of lat rotation. maximal joint play |
|
|
Term
| hip joint is convex on concave |
|
Definition
| the head of the femur glides in opposite direction from the distal end of the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called ligament of bigelow. The iliofemoral ligament splits into two and attaches to the intertrochanteric line of the femur. Its main function is to limit hyperextension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the gap or opening in the distal attachment of the adductor magnus between the linea aspera and the adductor tubercle. It is significant because the femoral artery and vein pass through this opening to reach the posterior surface of the knee, where their name changes to popliteal artery and vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the frontal plane. it is normally 125 degrees. This angle varies from birth to adulthood. At birth it may be as great as 170 degrees, but by adulthood the angle decreases significantly. Factors such as congenital deformity, trauma, or disease may affect this angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the transverse plane which normally has the head and neck rotated outward from the shaft approximately 15-25 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a misnomer because it occurs at the pelvis, not the hip. It is a severe bruise caused by direct trauma to the iliac crest of the pelvis. Most commonly associated with football but can be seen in almost any contact sport. Spearing the hip/pelvis with a helmet while tacking may be the most common cause. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the largest joint of the body and is classified as a synovial hinge joint. motions possible are flexion 120-130 degrees and extension 0 degrees. The rotational component of the joint is only an accessory motion |
|
|
Term
| arthrokinematics of knee joint |
|
Definition
| glide, roll, and spin occur in this joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexion - soft end feel
extension - firm |
|
|
Term
| open-packed position of knee |
|
Definition
| flexed at 25 degrees. Position where most joint play is available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of the talus and calcaneus. First part of the foot that makes contact with the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of the navicular, the cuboid, and the three cuneiform bones. Provides stability and mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made up of the five metatarsals and all of the phalanges. Adapts to the levels of the ground and the last part of the foot to make contact with the ground during stance phase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal position in which the distal segment is away from the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal position in which the distal segment is located toward the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| firm due to joint capsule, ligaments, and tendons |
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|
