Term
| To isolate Brucella, blood cultures & bone marrows are held for ___ days when nonautomated BC systems are utilized; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To isolate Brucella, blood cultures & bone marrows are held for ___ days for automated BC systems. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To isolate Brucella, the specimens are subcultured ________ to BAP & CHOC and held for 1 week. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should anaerobe jars/bags be held before reading the plates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two nonfermentors that are oxidase negative. |
|
Definition
| Acinetobacter & Stenotrophomonas |
|
|
Term
| Although Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is an aerobic organism, it is often found in association with an anerobic organism. What is that MO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the anaerobic, branching GPB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism produces molar tooth colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism produces sulfur granules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two organisms appear as enterics on EMB & MAC, are oxidase positive, and ferment glucose? (some species can also ferment lactose) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are associated with water? |
|
Definition
| Aeromonas, Legionella (airborne/respiratory), Vibrio, & P. aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are associated with dogs &/or cats? |
|
Definition
| B. henselae, Pasteurella, & Capnocytophaga canimorsus/cynodegmi |
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
GNB, anaerobe
K, V, C & Bile = R
BBE = black |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes cat scratch fever, bacteremia, bacillary angiomatosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes trench fever, bacteremia, bacillary angiomatosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two aerobic organisms that require special transport media. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes whooping cough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism produces mercury drop colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes Lyme disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism is associated with lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes relapsing fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are considered laboratory hazards? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are identified presumptively and then referred to the Arkansas Health Department? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes undulant fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two organisms associated with cystic fibrosis patients. |
|
Definition
| Bulkholderia cepacia & mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes cepacia syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Interpret the following cytotoxicity test results:
Stool + antitoxin + tissue cells = No CPE
Stool + tissue cells = CPE |
|
Definition
| C. difficile toxin present |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms need a microaerobic atmosphere for growth? |
|
Definition
| Campylobacter & Helicobacter |
|
|
Term
| Name the organism associated with bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. |
|
Definition
| Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are associated with a variety of animals other that cats & dogs? |
|
Definition
| Campylobacter, Brucella, Franciscella, & Coxiella |
|
|
Term
| HACEK mnemonic stands for the following organisms: Haemophilus species, especially aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, _________________, ________________ & ___________________ . |
|
Definition
| Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, & Kingella species |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes trachoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes antibiotic associated diarrhea & pesudomembranous colitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes gas gangrene & septicemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
Double zone of hemolysis
Reverse CAMP = +; lecithinase = +
Nagler = + |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism produces a double zone of hemolysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the anaerobic, spore forming GPB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes Q fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism smells like bleach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism pits the agar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism is associated with human bites &/or fist fights? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides Clostridium what other anaerobic GPB are described in the notes? |
|
Definition
| Eubacterium & Bifidobacterium |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms produce yellow pigment? |
|
Definition
| Flavobacteria & Capnocytophaga |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes rabbit fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some organisms are not commonly cultured, but are detected by using serological methods. What are these organisms? |
|
Definition
| Francisella, Brucella, Heliobacter, Coxiella, & Bartonella |
|
|
Term
| Which organism is associated with bacterial vaginosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism is associated with the production of clue cells in vaginal specimens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
Clue cells on wet mount
Beta-hemolytic on HBT
Starch + |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
GNB, S shapes & gull wings
Grows on BAP & CHOC at 37
Rapid urease = + |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the organism that causes gastric ulcers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes joint infections in young children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name four organisms that are detected by DFA. |
|
Definition
| Legionella, Francisella, Chlamydia trachomatis, & Rickettsia rickettsii |
|
|
Term
| Which organism is found in animal urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism is a GNB and sensitive to penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycoplasma ____________ is associated with genital tract infections. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the organism that causes primary atypical pneumoniae. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes a rise in cold agglutinins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism produces fried-egg colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are considered nonfermenters? |
|
Definition
| P. aeruginosa, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter & Moraxella |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the anaerobic GPC? |
|
Definition
| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius |
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
GPC, anaerobe
SPS = S |
|
Definition
| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms produce black pigment? |
|
Definition
| Prevotella & Porphyromonas (same ones that fluoresce red w/ UV light) |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the anaerobic, small GPB (Chinese lettering)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
GPB (Chinese letters); anaerobe
indole = +; catalase = + |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism is called anaerobic diphtheroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes swimmer's ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the identification of the following organism:
pyocyanin production; oxidase +
growth at 42; TSI = K/K |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism smells like corn taco or grapes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes Rock Mountain spotted fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms cause rat bite fever? |
|
Definition
| Spirillium minor & Streptobacillus moniliformis |
|
|
Term
| Which organism is multi-resistant but can be treated with SXT (trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole)? |
|
Definition
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms can be identified by using darkfield microscopy? |
|
Definition
| Treponema pallidum & Spirillium minus |
|
|
Term
| How do Vibrio cholerae/alginolyticus & Vibrio vulnificus/parahaemolyticus appear on TCBS? |
|
Definition
| V. cholerae/alginolyticus = yellow (ferment sucrose); others are blue-green |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the anaerobic GNC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms move by "darting"? |
|
Definition
| Vibrio cholerae & Campylobacter |
|
|
Term
| Most of the vibrios are halophilic (require salt for growth). Which vibrio is nonhalophilic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism produces rice-water stool? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with underlying liver disease are especially at risk if infected with _________ ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Burkholderia, Moraxella, Kingella, & Eikenella are all oxidase positive. Name other organisms that are oxidase positive. |
|
Definition
| Vibrio, Campy/Helico, Aeromonas, & Plesiomonas (also Pseudomonas) |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes cholera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take to achieve anaerobic conditions in the anaerobic jars? |
|
Definition
| 1-2 hours to achieve ANA conditions; |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for the indicator to turn white in the anaerobic jars? |
|
Definition
| 3-4 hours for the indicator to turn |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes human granulocyte anaplasmosis? |
|
Definition
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the anaerobic GNBs? |
|
Definition
| Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, & Fusobacterium |
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes melioidosis and is known as the Vietnamese time bomb? |
|
Definition
| Burkholderia pseudomallei |
|
|
Term
| Two organisms that were previously in the Chlamydia genus are now in a genus called Chlamydophila. What are these organisms and what diseases do they cause? |
|
Definition
| C. pneumoniae causes pneumonia; C. psittaci causes ornithosis or parrot fever |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the anaerobic, box-car GPB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism causes Pontiac fever & Legionnaire's disease? |
|
Definition
| Legionella species, typically pneumophila |
|
|
Term
| Which organism smells fruity? |
|
Definition
| Myroides odoratum (formally a part of Favobacterium) |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms fluorescence red? |
|
Definition
| Prevotella, Porphyromonas, & Veillonella |
|
|
Term
| Which organism appears green on TSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does Pseudomonas aeruginosa appear green on TSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are associated with ticks? |
|
Definition
| Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, & Borrelia burgdorferi |
|
|
Term
| What distinguishes Streptobacillus moniliformis from Spirillium minus? |
|
Definition
| Streptobacillus is culturable; Spirillium is not |
|
|
Term
| What are the selective & differential media used to isolate Burkholderia cepacia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the Burkholderia cepacia colonies appear on the BCSA & OFPBL agars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medium used to isolate Legionella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If sexual abuse is suspected in a child, what is the method of choice for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis? |
|
Definition
| Culture; involves shell vial w/ McCoy cells |
|
|
Term
| What does BCYE contain that is required for Legionella growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specimens requesting Chamydia trachomatis isolation & identification should contain __________ cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of diseases are associated with Aeromonas species? |
|
Definition
| Extraintestinal and intestinal |
|
|
Term
| What two methods are used to detect Chlamydia trachomatis in shell vials? |
|
Definition
| Iodine stain for glycogen inclusion or DFA |
|
|
Term
| What organisms are used to perform the reverse CAMP test? |
|
Definition
| Known Gp B strep & suspected Clostridium perfringens isolate |
|
|
Term
| How does Bordetella pertussia appear on Bordet-Gengou? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the method of choice for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the method of choice for detecting Bordetella & Ehrlichia/Anaplasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of loop should be used when working with anaerobes? |
|
Definition
| Platinum, stainless steel, or sterile wooden sticks |
|
|
Term
| How long are cultures held in the anaerobic chamber before they are read? |
|
Definition
| They can be read after 18-24 hours of incubation. |
|
|
Term
| How often should the catalyst be changed if using the older anaerobe jars? |
|
Definition
| Use fresh catalyst with each use; reactive by heating at 160 for two hours |
|
|
Term
| Legionella pneumophila is frequently detected in urine using ___________ __________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of specimens are acceptable for anaerobic cultures? |
|
Definition
Aspirates & tissues
swabs are least desirable |
|
|
Term
| What is the selective & differential medium used to isolate & presumptive ID Bacteroides fragilis group? |
|
Definition
| Bacteroides bile esculin agar (BBE) |
|
|
Term
| What type of hemolysis is produced by Gardnerella on V agar or HBT agar? |
|
Definition
| Beta hemolysis (Human Blood) |
|
|
Term
| What type of hemolysis is produced by Gardnerella on BAP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Bacteroides fragilis group appear on BBE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the media used to isolate Bordetella? |
|
Definition
| Bordet-Gengou & charcoal blood agar (Regan-Lowe) |
|
|
Term
| What type of reaction is expected when Moraxella or Acinetobacter is inoculated to OF glucose media? |
|
Definition
| Both tubes are blue-green; open & closed (oil) |
|
|
Term
| What are the selective media used to isolate Campylobacter jejuni/coli? |
|
Definition
| Campy BAP or Skirrow agar |
|
|
Term
| At what temperature are the media incubated to isolate Campylobacter jejuni/coli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Pseudomonas aeruginosa use glucose? |
|
Definition
| Can only use in presence of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| What is the selective & differential medium used to isolate Clostridium difficile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the sexual transmitted diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that are commonly seen in the U.S. |
|
Definition
| Cervicitis, PID, & urethritis |
|
|
Term
| What amino acid has to be present in media to isolate Francisella tularensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test has been considered the gold standard for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test is becoming the gold standard for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is usually associated with Campylobacter jejuni & Campylobacter coli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with the HACEK group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medium used to isolate Leptospira? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommanded medium used to isolate Francisella tularensis? |
|
Definition
| Glucose-cysteine blood agar |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for the nonfermenters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Veillonella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Bacteroides fragilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Prevotella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Porphyromonas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Fusobacterium nucleatum? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative rods in fusiform shape |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Cardiobacterium hominis? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative rods in rosettes |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Campylobacter & Helicobacter? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative rods; S-shape, spirals, & seagull wings |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Vibro? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative rods; some may be curved |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Actinomyces? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive branching rods |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Peptostreptococcus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Eubacterium & Bifidobacterium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Clostridium species? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive rods with spores |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Clostridium perfringens? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive rods, box-car shaped |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Propionibacterium? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive rods; looks like Chinese letters |
|
|
Term
| What is the Gram stain result for Gardnerella vaginalis? |
|
Definition
| Gram-variable coccobacilli |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms need a CO2 atmosphere for growth? |
|
Definition
| HACEK group, Capnocytophaga & Brucella |
|
|
Term
| What is the natural habitat for the HACEK organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the natural habitat for Capnocytophaga species (not C. canimorsus/cyndoegmi)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that effect newborns |
|
Definition
| Inclusion conjunctivitis & neonatal pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| What type of disease is associated with Plesiomonas shigelloides? |
|
Definition
| Intestinal are most common - diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What is the appearance of nonfermenters on MAC/EMB? |
|
Definition
| colorless - Lactose negative |
|
|
Term
| What tests can be determined from egg yolk agar? |
|
Definition
| Lecithinase, lipase & proteolysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the selective & differential medium used to isolate Bacteroides & Prevotella (aids in detecting pigmented Prevotella)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the STD caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that produces a regional lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Lymphogranuloma venereum is rarely seen in the U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medium used to culture Streptobacillus moniliformis? |
|
Definition
| Media w/ body fluids (serum, ascites fluid, blood) |
|
|
Term
| What are the indicators that are used in anaerobic jars/chamber? |
|
Definition
| Methylene blue (blue in O2) & resazurin (pink in O2) |
|
|
Term
| What is the natural habitat for most of the anaerobes? |
|
Definition
| Near human mucosal surfaces (GI tract, RT, genital tract & skin) |
|
|
Term
| What type of nitrate reaction is produced by Acinetobacter? |
|
Definition
| Negative; red after addition of zinc (can not reduce nitrate) |
|
|
Term
Interpret the following cytotoxicity test results:
Stool + antitoxin + tissue cells = No CPE
Stool + tissue cells = No CPE |
|
Definition
| No C. difficile toxin present |
|
|
Term
| Do all Campylobacter species require 42 for growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A doctor comes to the micro lab to pick-up anaerobic transport media. The anaerobe media has a pink color. It is acceptable for use? |
|
Definition
| NO, the pink color indicates the media contains O2 |
|
|
Term
| The laboratory receives a shipment of thioglycollate (THIO) with vitamin K & hemin. Can the THIOs be used as soon as they are received? |
|
Definition
| No, the THIOs have to be boiled before use |
|
|
Term
| The Weyant & Associates charts divides the nonfermentors into 8 groups based on _______, ________, ________, & _________. |
|
Definition
| OF glucose, oxidase reaction, growth on MAC & motility |
|
|
Term
| What does a positive lipase look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should specimens for Chlamydia culture be transported? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a positive lecithinase look like? |
|
Definition
| Opaque zone surrounding colonies |
|
|
Term
| Which reagent is used to perform the spot indole test? |
|
Definition
| Paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde |
|
|
Term
| What is the anaerobic selective medium that inhibits facultative GNBs but allows the growth of facultative GPC & rods and as well as most anaerobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of nitrate reaction is produced by enterics? |
|
Definition
| Positive; after addition of reagents A & B (nitrate to nitrite) |
|
|
Term
| What type of nitrate reaction is produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
|
Definition
| Positive; no color change after addition of zinc (nitrate to nitrogen gas) |
|
|
Term
| What test should be performed after biochemically identifying Vibrio cholerae? |
|
Definition
| Serogroup to detemine if 01or 0139 |
|
|
Term
| What is the natural habitat for Chromobacterium violaceum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the decontamination method used for Legionella specimens |
|
Definition
| Specimen + acid wash solution, left at RT for few minutes, then inoculated |
|
|
Term
| Which organisms are associated with rats? |
|
Definition
| Spirillium minor & Streptobacillus moniliformis |
|
|
Term
| How does the tech determine he/she is working with an anaerobe? |
|
Definition
| Subculture to CHOC (incubate CO2) & ANA-BAP (incubate ANA) |
|
|
Term
| Which reagents are used to perform the nitrate test? |
|
Definition
| Sulfanilic acid & dimethyl-alpha-naphthylamine |
|
|
Term
| What is the selective & differential medium used to isolate Vibrio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are Clostridium difficile and Clostridium botulinum infections usually diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The isolation of Clostridium septicum from a blood culture is often associated with ____________ _____________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease caused by Ureaplasma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the media used to isolate Gardnerella vaginalis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoat/nasopharyngeal/sputum and GI (feces or bowel contents) specimens are unacceptable for anaerobic cultures. What other specimens are unacceptable for anaerobic cultures? |
|
Definition
| Voided urine & vaginal/cervical swabs |
|
|
Term
| Vibrio is usually transmitted through contaminated ________ & _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Clostridium difficile appear on CCFA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of reaction is expected when an enteric is inoculated to OF glucose media? |
|
Definition
| Yellow in both tubes; open & closed (oil) |
|
|
Term
| What type of reaction is expected when Pseudomonas aeruginosa is inoculated to OF glucose media? |
|
Definition
| Yellow in open tube; blue-green in closed tube (oil) |
|
|
Term
| What are other tests besides the cytotoxicity test used to detect Clostridium difficile toxin? |
|
Definition
|
|
