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| form basic hydrides and oxides |
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| bone, concrete, tooth enamel, chalk, limestone |
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| most abundant compound in elemental form in the earths crust and the most common element in the metallic form paper, ruby, sapphire, topaz |
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| ammonia (the useful form of N that plants love), phosphates (useful form of P that plants love); the source of elemental nitrogen is in the air (75% of earth's atmosphere); relying on bolts of lightning to react with the elemental nitrogen; to rely on bacteria that fix nitrogen (organic farmers); to produce manufacture ammonia using the Naber process |
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| h2so4 is the most commonly produced compund in the world |
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| smallest atoms and ions, largest electronegativites, largest ionization energies, elemental form is a very reactive oxidizing agent, compounds that just have to add a single electron to be happy, second thing you think of when you make a salt |
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| processes we need to know |
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| haber, ostwald, bayer, contact, hall |
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| produces nh3, ammonia, which fertilizes the earth |
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HNO3 is nitric acid, not only one of the strong acids, but like sulfuric acid, a really fine oxidizing agent, it is made in vast quantities commercially using the Ostwald process in an 8-electron oxidation process
4NH3 + 5O2 >> 4NO + 6H2O
@NO + O2 >> 2NO2 |
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| aluminum is mined as bauxite an impire aluminum exide and turned into alumina Al2O3 by this process |
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inexpensive way to produce aluminum.
4Al(+3) + 6O(-2) + 3C >> 4Al + 3CO2 |
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| most commonly manufactured chemicals in order (5) |
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sulfuric acid
ammonia
phosphoric acid
sodium hydroxide
chlorine |
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| Onyx, Emerald, Ruby, Sapphire, Topaz |
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| beryllium oxide and Cr(+3) |
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| aluminum oxide and Cr(+3) |
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| aluminum oxide and Fe(+3) and Ti(+4) |
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| aluminum oxide and Fe(+3) |
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| famous process that links monomers |
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| double bonds are more reactive |
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| the two essential fatty acids you must eat to survive |
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| linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid |
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| what makes up dna and rna? |
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| science fiction in the carbon group |
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silica "people talk about reading sci fi on silica based life forms"
soda-line glass-made from metls of SiO2 and sodium oxide and calcium oxide
borosilicates (pyrex) - formed from melts of SiO2 with B2O3
silicas: amethyst, agate and onxy
silicates: asbestos
aluminosilicates: mica |
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