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| Alternative form of a gene |
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| Physical location of gene on chromosome |
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Definition
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| 2 copies of each type of chromosome (2N)-mitosis |
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| Single set of chromosomes (N)-meiosis |
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| Gene that determines phenotype |
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| Identical copies of same gene |
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Definition
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| 2 different alleles of same gene |
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Definition
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| 2 copies of gene segregate from each other during transmission from parent to offspring |
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| Determines type of inheritance pattern |
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| In pedigree analysis, unaffected parents producing affected offspring |
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Definition
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| In pedigree analysis, affected parents producing affected offspring |
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Definition
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| In pedigree analysis, unaffected mothers producing affected sons |
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Definition
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| A group of the same species within an area |
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Definition
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| Complete set of genetic information within individuals of a population |
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Definition
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| Central issue is genetic variation |
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Definition
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| Number of copies available in population/total number of all alleles of gene in a population |
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Definition
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| Number of individuals with a particular genotype in a population/total number of individuals in population |
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| Pairs formed without regard to genotype |
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Definition
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| Pairs formed on basis of similar phenotype |
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| Mating between relatives, rare recessive allele |
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Definition
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| Introduce new alleles/ 10^-6 per generation. Lose phenotype or gain new phenotype |
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Definition
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| Random survival and reproduction (small population). Favors loss or fixation of allele; includes bottleneck and Founder Effect |
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| A type of random genetic drift in which the new population lowers genetic variation. Larger diverse population; few individuals, less diversity; large less diverse population; moths in England during industrial revolution |
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| Type of random genetic drift in which the small group separates from large population; establishes colony; finches on Galapogos Islands |
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| Survival and reproduction have genotypes beneficial; diminishes survival and reproduction of unfavorable phenotypes |
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Definition
| Adaptive forces (natural selection) |
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| Heredity differences led to survival and reproduction; "survival of the fit" |
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| Progressive genetic improvement in a population |
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| Measure of reproduction success |
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Definition
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| Genetically based heritable change in a population and species over time |
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| Change in allele frequencies |
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| Change above species level (diversity) |
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Definition
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| Single species transformed into a different species |
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| Speciation that involves division of species into 2 or more species |
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| Describes evolutionary relationships among different species |
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| In divergent evolution, members of a species become geographically separated "other homeland" (Founder Effect) |
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| In divergent evolution, geographical separation is not complete, "beside" (migration) |
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| In divergent evolution, members of species initially occupy same habitat and range, "together" (reproductive isolation) |
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