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| an inherited characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
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| Period of evolutionary change in which a group of organisms fro many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill new or vacant ecological roles in their communities |
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| An alternative version of a gene |
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| Tbe proportion of all copies of a gene that is made up of a particular gene variant |
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| The formation of a new species that are geographically isolated from one another |
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| The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits |
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| Natural selection that maintains stable and frequiencies of two or more phenotypic from in a population |
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| A from of mimicry where a harmless species evolves to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species at a common predator |
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| Any change in a population that is inherited over several generations. These changes may be large or small, noticable or not |
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| Biological Species Concept |
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| Definition of a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such populations |
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| Genetic drift fro a drastic redution in population size. Typically, the surviving are no longer genetically representative of the original population |
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| An essential component of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. It's limited quantities of space and resources lead to a struggle for survival as a result of those that are the most fit are the only that can survive |
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| Natural selection in which individuals at one end of the phenotypic range survive and reproduce more successfully than do other individuals |
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| Excess Reproductive Potential |
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| Not all individuals of a population survive and reproduce. Survival and reporduction depend in part on heritable individual traits |
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| Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool is not reflective of that of the original population |
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| Frequency-Dependent Selection |
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| Selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common the phenotype is in a population |
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| A discrete unit of heredity information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (RNA in some viruses). Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in chromosomal DNA |
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| The transfer of alleles from one population to another as a result of the movement of individuals or their gametes |
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| All the alleles for all the genes in a population |
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| A change in the gene pool of a population due to change. Effects of a genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations |
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| The frequency of proportion of genotypes in a population |
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| An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds O2 |
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| Is proportion of observable differences between individuals that is due to genetic differences |
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| Greater reproductive success of heterozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool |
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| Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestery |
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| The reduced fitness in a given population as a resuklt of inbreeding of related individuals. Often the result of a population bottleneck |
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| Mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animales caused by eukaryotic protists of the genus PLASMODIUM |
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| Morphological Species Concept |
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| A definition of species in terms of measureable anatomical criteria |
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| A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA; the ultimate source of genetic diversity. A mustation can also occur in the DNA or RNA of a virus |
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| A process in which individuals with a certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits |
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| The expressed traits of an organism |
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| Phylogenetic Species Concept |
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| A definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life |
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| THe evolutionary history of a species or group of related species |
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| Postzygotic Reproductive Barrier |
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| A reproductive barrier that prevent hybrids zygotes produced by two different species from developing into a variable, fertile adult. Includes reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility and reduced fertility |
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| A body of techniques for investigating phenomena acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge |
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| Any phenomena which alters the behaviour and fitness of living organisms within a given environment |
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| Marked difference between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females |
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| A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates |
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| A genetic condition caused by a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin. The mutation causes the protein to crystallize which deforms red blood cells into a curved shape. Such blood cells produce a casacade of symptoms that can be life threatening |
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| The evolution of a new species |
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| Natural selection that favours intermediate variants by acting against any extreme phenotypes |
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| Rock layers formed when new layers of sediment cover older ones and compress them |
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| An imaginary line the divides the ecozones of Asia and Australia |
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