Term
| list the four major matrix components by which connective tissues are classified |
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Definition
1. protein (collagen, elastin)
2. proteoglycan
3. water
4. mineral |
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Term
| list the characteristics of a ligament that make it uniquely fit for the functions it performs |
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Definition
1. high collagen content
2. arranged in a parallel fashion (which provides great tensile strength in one direction).
3. minimal elastic components allow for a little stretch & more tensile strength to hold bones together without significant gapping |
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Term
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Definition
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate |
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Term
| describe the course of the musculocutaneous nerve |
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Definition
1. comes off lateral cord of the brachial plexus
2. passes through the belly of the coracobrachialis muscle in the mid-humerus
3. passes between biceps brachii and brachialis muscle
4. innervates coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles & supplies cuteanous sensation to lateral forearm over the radius |
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Term
| describe pectoralis major |
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Definition
O: sternal 1/2 of clavicle, upper 1/2 of sternum, and external abd oblique muscle
I: intertubercular groove of humerus
A: adduction of the arm at the shoulder; medially rotate humerus
I: medial and lateral pectoral nerves |
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Term
| list the muscles of the rotator cuff |
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Definition
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis |
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Term
| describe the biceps brachii muscle |
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Definition
O: short head from coracoid process of scapula; long head from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
A: forearm supinator & flexor of supinated forearm
I: musculocutaneous nerve |
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Term
| describe the route of the ulnar nerve |
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Definition
1. comes from medial cord of brachial plexus
2. passes thru muscular groove in humerus
3. posterior to medial epicondyle
4. deep to flexor carpi ulnaris
5. superficial to carpal tunnel |
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Term
| describe the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle |
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Definition
O: supracondylar ridge of lateral humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpa
A: extend and abduct wrist
I: radial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
O: anterior aspect of radius
I: base at distal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
I: median nerve |
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Term
| describe the extensor pollicis longus |
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Definition
O: posterior ulna and interosseus membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extends distal phalanx of thumb
I: radial nerve |
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Term
| describe the results of radial nerve damage |
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Definition
| flexion contracture: flexion of elbow, wrist, fingers (aka wristdrop paralysis) |
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Term
| list the 10 structures that pass thru the carpal tunnel |
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Definition
1 median nerve
1 flexor pollicis longus tendon
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons |
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Term
| list the three major muscles that form the thenar eminence |
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Definition
1. opponens pollicis
2. abductor pollicis brevis
3. flexor pollicis brevis |
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Term
| describe the route of the radial artery |
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Definition
1. branches from brachial artery at elbow
2. crosses anterior wrist just lateral to the flexor carpi radialis muscle
3. passes between extensor pollicis tendons
4. enters hand between 1st and 2nd metacarpals |
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Term
| you are now sitting on what part of what bone? |
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Definition
| ischial tuberosity of the coxal bone |
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Term
| list the deep hip muscles |
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Definition
piriformis
obturator internus
obturator externus
quadratus femoris
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
gluteus minimus |
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Term
| describe the biceps femoris muscle |
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Definition
O: ischial tuberosity (long head) and femur (short head)
I: lateral side of head of fibula
A: flexes leg at knee & rotates tibia laterally; long head also extends thigh at the hip
I: tibial division of sciatic nerve |
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Term
| what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh? |
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Definition
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Term
| list the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris |
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Definition
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius |
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Term
| describe the tibialis anterior muscle |
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Definition
O: lateral condoyle & superior 1/2 of lateral tibia, and from interosseus membrane
I: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform tarsal and the base of the first metatarsal
A: dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle & inverts foot
I: deep fibular nerve |
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Term
| describe the gastrocnemius muscle |
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Definition
O: medial & lateral femoral condyles
I: calcaneal tendon to calcaneous
A:plantarflexes foot, flexes leg at knee, and raises heel during walking
I: tibial nerve |
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Term
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Definition
1. tearing/injury to tibialis anterior muscle
2. fluid accumulation/swelling within anterior compartment of lower leg (compression of muscle, deep fibular nerve, and of anterior tibial artery)
3. stress fracture of tibia |
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Term
| what three factors contribute to the arch of the foot? |
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Definition
1. bones
2. muscles
3. ligaments (medial/lateral longitudinal) |
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Term
| what does the quadratus plantae muscle do and why is it such a unique muscle? |
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Definition
| offsets the oblique pull of the flexor digitorum longus; one of the only muscles of the foot that doesn't have a corresponding hand muscle (exists because calcaneous muscle is in the way of FDLs) |
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Term
| list the nerve and artery supplying each compartment of the leg |
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Definition
lower leg
posterior compartment
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
anterior compartment
deep fibular nerve
anterior tibial artery
lateral compartment
superficial fibular nerve
fibular artery
upper leg
anterior compartment
femoral nerve
femoral artery
medial
obturator nerve
obturator artery
posterior
sciatic nerve
gluteal artery |
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Term
| describe the route of the radial nerve |
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Definition
1. posterior cord of brachial plexus
2. anterior to lateral & posterior to medial epicondyles of humerus
3. divides into deep and superficial branches |
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