Term
What eras were the following generations from:
1. Silents
2. Boomers
3. Gen-X'ers
4. Millennials |
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Definition
1. WW2, great depression, rationing
2. Cold War, Assassination MLK, JFK, RFK, Civil rights, Vietnam War, Moon landing, Woodstock
3. Watergate, Cold War end, Challenger, watergate, AIDS, MTV, VCRs, Videogames, and personal computers
4. 9/11, Columbine, OKC Bombing, Gulf War, Playstation, Social media, Reality TV, Internet, and Tablet, smart phone |
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Term
| Which generations saw good economic prosperity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of prosperity did the silents and the gen-X'ers see? |
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Definition
Silents: rationing
Gen-Xers: economic downturn |
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Term
| What were each generations preferred methods of communication and their attitudes towards technology? |
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Definition
-Silents: formal letter-largely disengaged from technology
-Boomers: Telephone-early IT adaptors
-Gen-X'ers: cellular phone (email, text)-digital immigrants
-Millennials: wireless phone (text, social medial)-digital natives |
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Term
| When you look at the silence, boomers, and gen-Xers how you can cater clinical audiology to address differences |
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Definition
-Traditionals: Won't discuss into detail on of the bells and whistles on their hearing aids because they don't care.
-Boomers: Morel likely to use the phone (caption call) rather than into all of the cell phone apps.
-GenXers: Center more counseling around phone apps and streaming |
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Term
| What happens to body configuration and composition in the elderly? |
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Definition
| Loss of water and weight and reduction in lean body mass, protein synthesis, and potassium |
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Term
| What happens to appearance in old age? |
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Definition
| A decrease in height (attributed to changes in the skeleton) and weight (attributed to decreases in lean tissue mass, total body water, muscle mass, bone). |
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Term
| What changes happen with body temperature in the elderly? |
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Definition
| Decrease in the ability to sense temperature changes and regulate it |
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Term
| What general age related changes happen to the upper extremities? |
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Definition
| Changes in joint mobility, muscle performance, motor control, and tactile sensitivity |
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Term
Age-related changes to joint mobility in the upper extremities:
-Decrease in effectiveness to maintain tissue ___
-Decreased response to ___ factors
-Decreased ___ content
-Decreased collagen with increased cross-linkages, giving rise to ___
-Decreased ___ to help structures return to their original shape after deformation |
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Definition
| homeostasis; growth; fluid; stiffness; elastin |
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Term
| What are some changes in joint structure in the upper extremities with aging? |
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Definition
-Reduced elasticity and increased stiffness
-Changes in chondroid—articular cartilage
-ligaments and tendons around and w/in the joint lose their elasticity
-can alter joint mechanics and alignment |
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Term
| What are some age-related changes to the whole joint in the upper extremities? |
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Definition
-Changes in ROM
-Direct consequences of arthrokinematics and osteokinematics leading to activity limitations |
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Term
| age related loss of muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some age-related changes in muscles of the upper extremities? |
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Definition
-Loss of muscle mass, strength and functional quality
-Impaired ability to regenerate muscle with increased age
-Changes in metabolic function |
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Term
| What are some age-related changes in motor control of the upper extremities? |
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Definition
-Paresis—weakness during movement or against resistance; the most common
-Abnormal muscle tone can affect motor control because joints are stiffer
-Fractionated movement deficits**
-Ataxia or hypokinesia (Parkinson’s disease) where motor control centers affect functioning
-Somatosensory loss |
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Term
Fractionated movement deficits:
-Critical part of our ___ to use our limbs, particularly the upper extremities
-Deficits will severely limit the ability to perform ___ functional tasks
-Assessment: ??? |
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Definition
| ability; daily; touch tip of thumb to other finger tips |
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Term
| What are some age-related changes in tactile sensitivity of the upper extremities? |
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Definition
-Reduced tactile sensitivity in older adults
-Loss of sensory mechanoreceptors |
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Term
| List examples about age related considerations in case history |
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Definition
-Watch for balance issues
-Careful with the skin during earmold impressions and cerumen management
-Hearing aid manipulation/learning
-Be careful with calorics because they can't sense changes in temperature as much |
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Term
| What are the most common ENT diagnoses in the elderly? |
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Definition
-Otitis media with upper respiratory infections with and without complications
-Disequilibrium
-ENT malignancy |
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Term
| What are some age related changes in the ME? |
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Definition
-Tympanic membrane: becomes stiffer, less elastic, and thinner
-Ossicular chain: Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; Thinning and calcification of the joints
-Eustachian tube: Calcification of the cartilaginous support of the tube; Atrophy of the musculature responsible for its opening and closing |
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Term
| ___% of older adults with arthritis have abnormal immittance results |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 different types of presbycusis? |
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Definition
| Sensory, neural, metabolic, and mechanical |
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Term
| What kind of configuration does sensory presbycusis have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of configuration does neural presbycusis have? |
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Definition
| downward sloping, but flatter than the sensory type |
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Term
| What kind of configuration does metabolic presbycusis have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of configuration does mechanical presbycusis have? |
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Definition
| gradual downwardly sloping |
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Term
Explain the physiological reasons for presbycusis for each of these:
1. Decreased in auditory sensitivity in high frequencies
2. Decline in word recognition
3. Difficulty understanding speech in noise
4. Difficulty with localization
5. Recruitment
6. Tinnitus |
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Definition
1. sensory cell loss and neurons at the basal end of the cochlea
2. Phonemic regression and nerve loss
3. Sensory and neuronal loss
4. Sensory/neuronal losses (more sensory driven). The SOC.
5. Abnormal loudness growth-all of the sound has to go into a reduced dynamic range. Less dynamic range due to HL. Sensory hearing loss.
6. There is damage to the auditory system and the brain isn’t getting all of the access to sounds that you need. |
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Term
| Intracellular residue on the macular region between the retinal pigment epithelial cells and Bruch’s membrane; Appears as dots of yellow or white lying below retinal vessels resulting in a loss of central vision and central visual field |
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Definition
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Term
Functional Consequences of Macular Degeneration:
-Loss of ___ sensitivity
-Difficulty reading ___ and identifying ___
-Difficulty with ___ cues and distance
-Loss of color and contrast sensitivity leading to: ___ difficulty, Image ___, and ___ vision |
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Definition
| contrast; print; faces; depth; Mobility; distortion; Blurred |
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Term
| Opacity or clouding of the lens of the eye; Interferes with the passing of light |
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Definition
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Term
Functional consequences of cataracts:
-Decreased ___ activity, ___ sensitivity, and ___ perception
-Difficulty in ___ perception
-Loss of perception of ___ and ___
-___ Vision |
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Definition
| visual; contrast; color; detail; depth; distance; blurred |
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Term
| Damage to the retina associated with complications with diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
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Term
Functional consequences of Diabetic Retinopathy:
-___ disability
-Decreased ___
-Decreased dark/light ___
-Possible ___
-Loss of ___ and ___ sensitivity
-Difficulty reading/recognizing: ___ and ___ material
-Difficulty with _____ cues
-___ vision
-___ |
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Definition
| Glare; acuity; adaptation; blindness; color; contrast; Faces; reading; distance/depth; Fluctuating; Floaters |
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Term
| Occurs when a sustained increase in intracellular pressure damages the retinal nerve fibers. Results in the gradual degeneration of the optic nerve |
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Definition
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Term
Functional consequences of glaucoma:
-Decreased ability to function in ___ light
-Decreased ___ adaptation
-___ disability
-___ loss of visual fields
-___ visual impairments
-Possible ___
-Difficulty reading and writing due to ___ visual field
-Visual ___ loss |
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Definition
| dim; dark; Glare; Gradual; Severe; blindness; narrowed; field |
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Term
| What kind of clinical adjustments can be made for overall vision (presbyopia)? |
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Definition
-Increase illumination
-Advise use of corrective lenses to focus the light, especially during auditory rehabilitation |
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Term
| What kind of clinical adjustments can be made for visual field? |
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Definition
-Increase illumination without increasing glare
-Increase contrast during interactions with patients
-Use large-print materials and large images on written -instructions and when performing paper-and-pencil evaluations
-Establish eye contact and position yourself in person’s line of sight |
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Term
| What kind of clinical adjustments can be made for contrast sensitivity? |
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Definition
Use:
-Magnifiers
-Good illumination
-Bright colors (e.g., red and yellow)
-Contrast between colors(e.g., dark object on a bright surface)
-Contrasting colors (e.g., blue and yellow) for identifying and locating information such as hearing aid controls |
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Term
| What kind of clinical adjustments can be made for dark adaptation? |
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Definition
-Advise the patient to take a moment to dark/light adapt
-Use sunglasses to facilitate speechreading ability
-Avoid abrupt changes in lighting when moving from light to dim environments |
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Term
| What kind of clinical adjustments can be made for glare? |
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Definition
-Advise patient to use less fluorescent lighting
-Use of visors and hats with brims to promote speechreading ability
-Light should be even and from multiple sources to ensure adequate light levels without glare
-Curtains or blinds should be adjusted to diffuse sunlight and to prevent direct illumination
-Shiny surfaces, reflective fixtures, or waxed floors add to problems created by glare |
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Term
| is the “time course of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs and their metabolites from the body” |
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Definition
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Term
Pharmacokinetics Age-related Changes:
-Alterations in the physiology of the GI tract which affect the ___ of drugs
-Alterations of body composition and physiology coupled with a decline of cardiac output which changes drug ___
-Alterations in liver blood flow and a decrease in liver mass which results in a decrease in ___ ___ ___
-Reduction in renal mass and the number and size of nephrons, which results in a decrease in ___ ___ and ___ of drugs and metabolites |
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Definition
| absorption; distribution; liver drug metabolism; renal elimination; excretion |
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Term
Metabolic Disease:
-Impaired ___ metabolism
-___ disorders that alter fluid and electrolyte metabolism
-____: is a form of dyslipidemia that is defined by abnormally lowered levels of any or all lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood
-Selected ___ conditions |
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Definition
| glucose; Kidney; Hypolipoproteinemia; thyroid |
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Term
Strategies to increase short term memory:
-Allow ___ ___ for storage of new information
-Provide ___ ___ ___
-Have the person ___ ___ ___ of the instructions or new information
-___ ___ instructions or information in large font
-Provide ___ as a way of motivating the individual to store and later retrieve the new information
-Share ___ ___ to aid memory and remove distractions |
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Definition
| adequate time; opportunity for practice; demonstrate his/her understanding; Write down; reinforcement; cognitive strategies |
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Term
Strategies to increase long term memory:
-Provide ___ to help the individual remember what she/he has learned and needs to remember
-Provide ___ (e.g., closed-set response format) rather than relying on recall (e.g., open-set response format)
-Remove ___ and present ___ new task at a time, as older person’s learn best when their attention is not divided
-Have person with hearing loss ___ ____ information |
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Definition
| cues; choices; distractions; one; verbally rehearse |
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Term
What are the ages for...
-Elderly: ___
-Young old:___-___
-Old: ___-___
-Oldest old: ___ |
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Definition
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Term
Compose 3 case history questions that address:
1. Presence and management of chronic health conditions
2. Fall risk / exercise
3. Social engagement |
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Definition
1. Do you have any existing health conditions? Are the conditions well-managed?
2. Do you have any balance problems? Have you suffered any falls within the past year? Near falls? How often do you exercise? What kinds of exercise?
3. Do you go to any social gatherings on a regular basis? |
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Term
| Primarily housing facilities |
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Definition
| Independent Living Communities/Retirement Communities |
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Term
| Primarily housing facilities that provide some care |
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Definition
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Term
| Licensed healthcare residences; Individuals require a higher level of medical care than can be provided in an assisted living facility; Primarily caring facilities that provide housing |
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Definition
| Skilled Nursing Facilities (previously, Nursing Homes) |
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Term
| What are some negative health consequences of caregiving? |
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Definition
| “Compassion fatigue”, stress, depression, higher rates of chronic disease, and impaired health behaviors |
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Term
| ___ is the most common medication side effect among the elderly |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most common chronic conditions among oldest old? |
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Definition
| Benign prostate hypertrophy, Dyslipidemia, Atrial fibrillation, Hypothyroidism, Osteopenia, and Osteoporosis |
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Term
| A benign (not cancer) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia and BPH. |
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Definition
| Benign prostate hypertrophy |
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Term
| a condition where there is an abnormal amount of lipids, including cholesterol and/or triglycerides, in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications |
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Definition
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Term
| disrupts such things as heart rate, body temperature, and all aspects of metabolism. Is most prevalent in older women. Major symptoms include fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, and unexplained weight gain. |
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Definition
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Term
| A condition that occurs when the body doesn't make new bone as quickly as it reabsorbs old bone |
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Definition
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Term
| A condition in which bones become weak and brittle. |
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Definition
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Term
Label a picture of the eye
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What are the years associated with these generations:
1. Silents
2. Boomers
3. Gen X
4. Millenial |
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Definition
1. 1922-1945
2. 1946-1964
3. 1965-1980
4. 1981-2000 |
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