Term
| What are the common names of Listeriosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology behind Listeriosis? |
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Definition
| =0-Listeria monocytogenes (G |
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Term
| What are the common sources of listeriosis? |
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Definition
-silage: most common
-soil, vegetation, feces, bedding w/ poultry litter |
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Term
| Describe the pathophys of listeriosis. |
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Definition
| -enters via mouth/eye/nares => CN 5 => CNS |
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Term
| Which species are most commonly affected by listeriosis? |
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Definition
| -sheep > cattle > goat/camelids |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of listeriosis? |
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Definition
-encephalitis >> myelitis (lesions in spinal cord)
-KCS aka silage eye
-mastitis: food-borne dz
-abortion (late-term)
-septicemia in neonates
-diarrhea
-anorexia, depression, ptyalism
-conscious proprioceptice deficites
-costant/sporadic circling |
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Term
| Which CN deficits do you see w/ listeriosis? |
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Definition
-CN 5: dropped jaw, facial anesthesia
-CN 7: ptosis, loss of menace & palpebral, earl/lip droop, ipsilateral collapsed nostril, contralateral deviation of nasal phltrum
-CN8: nystagmus, head tilt, leaning, circling
-CN 9/10/12: stertor, dysphagia, paralysis of tongue |
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Term
| What are the hellmark clinical signs of listeriosis? |
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Definition
-multifocal & asymm CN deficits
-depression
-acute onset |
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Term
| Briefly descrie the progression of listeriosis? |
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Definition
-small rums faster than cattle
-untreated cattle basically die |
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Term
| How do we diagnose listeriosis? |
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Definition
-CS + hx
-CSF: mononuclear > neutrophilic pleocytosis on cytology in cattle |
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Term
| What lesions do we see on PM of listeriosis? |
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Definition
| -multifocal microabscesses in brainstem |
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Term
| How do we treat listeriosis? |
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Definition
-fluids: correct acidosis
-abx: penicillin, oxytet
-support |
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Term
| What are some control efforts for listeriosis? |
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Definition
-appropriate feedstuff storage & handling
-avoid feeding discolored, moldy, or smelly food
-avoid overcrowding
-no vaccine |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of Listeriosis? |
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Definition
-mortality 100% w/o tx
-key for recovery: early & aggressive tx
-if survives, may or may not have permanent deficits |
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Term
| Who are most commonly affected by bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology behind bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
-history of FPT
-agents usually bacterial: G- >>> G+ |
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Term
| Desribe the pathophys of bacterial meningitis. |
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Definition
-hematogenous spread of infection: omphalitis, enteritis
-direct inoculation or extension into calvarium: dehorning, otitis, sinusitis |
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Term
| What are the CS of bacterial meningitis assoc w/ bacteremia? |
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Definition
-hyperemic MM
-scleral infection
-hypopyon
-omphalitis
-septic arthritis
-enteritis pneumonia |
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Term
| What are the neuro signs of bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
-depression, dec sufkling reflex
-stiff & painful neck, hypereshtesia
-ataxia +/- hyperreflexia
-opisthotonos, seizure
-death |
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Term
| What do we see on CSF w/ bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
-trubid/whitish/foamy when shaken/ may clot
-neutrophiic pleocytosis, inc protein, dec glucose
-positive pandy (inc globlulins_
-post gram stain or positive culture |
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Term
| Which abx do we use to treat bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
-BS, bactericidal, cross BBB * ex= ceftiofur, ampicillin
-for 4-6w |
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Term
| How do we treat bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we control bacterial meningitis? |
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Definition
-adequate colostrum intake, navel dip
-sanitation in and aroun dcalving pen |
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Term
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Definition
| -thromboEmbolic MeningoEncephalitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the epidemiology of TEME? |
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Definition
-winter months
-shipping fever risk factors (feedlot)
-low morbidity (2-8%), high mortality (neuro form) |
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Term
| Describe the pathophys of TEME. |
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Definition
-entrance through resp
-bacteremia => vasculitis => thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
-severe fever
-sleeper syndrome: severe depression
-cortical blindness
-anorexic
-seizures, opisthotonis
-CN & CP deficites
-sudden death: 2-36h after neuro signs
-others: pneumonia, polyarthritis |
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Term
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Definition
-optho exam: retinal hemorrhages
-CBC: inflam leukogram
-CSF tap: eutrophilic, pleocytosis, inc protein, xanthochromia
-CF titers: 1:200 to foufold inc |
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Term
| What do we see on PM w/ TEME? |
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Definition
| -CNS vasculitis, infarcts, abscesses |
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Term
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Definition
-abx
-NSAIDs
-fluids & electrolytes
-anticonvulsants as necessary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prognosis of TEME? |
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Definition
-still ambulatory: fair to good
-downer: poor |
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Term
| What is the main etiology behind pituitary abscess? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pathophys of pituitary abscess? |
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Definition
-hematogenous spread => rete mirabile => pituitary
-extension of local pyogenic infection to pituitary |
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Term
| What are the CS of pituitary abscesses? |
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Definition
-yearlings to adults
-ataxia, head/neck extension
-profound depression
-bradycardia in 50% of cases
-CN deficits
-coma to death |
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Term
| What are some risk factors for pituitary abscesses? |
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Definition
-nose flaps for weaning calves
-nose rings in bulls |
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Term
| How do we diagnose pituitary abscesses? |
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Definition
-CS
-CSF: lots of neutrophils
-PM |
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Term
| How do we treat pituitary abscesses? |
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Definition
| -unrewarding, it is just fatal |
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Term
| How do cows get brain abscesses? |
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Definition
| -hematogenous spread of T. pyogenes |
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Term
| What are the CS of brain abscesses? |
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Definition
-due to compression
-asymm, slow onset
-depression, circling, ataxia, blindness, change in CN deficits |
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Term
| How do we diagnose brain abscesses? |
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Definition
-CSF cytology & culture
-blindness,
-change in CN deficits |
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Term
| How do we treat brain avscesses? Prognosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology behind tetanus? |
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Definition
| -C. tetani: anaerobic, sporulating -G+ |
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Term
| What are some predisposing conditions for tetanus? |
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Definition
-castration, tail docking w/ bands
-deep wounds or infected uterus |
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Term
| Which toxins are produced w/ tetanus? |
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Definition
-Tetanospasmin: CS
-Tetanolysin: tissue necrosis
-Nonspasmogenic toxin |
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Term
| Describe pathophys of tetanospasmin. |
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Definition
-wound to blood circulation
-at presynaptic motor endplates, binds to nerve and is transported to CNS
-reach presynaptic inh interneuron & inh release of glycine & GAMA
-dysinh of gamma motor neurons
-results in m hypertonia & spasms
-incubation period: 2-3w |
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Term
| What are the CS of tetanus? |
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Definition
-stiffness, spasticity, sawhorse stance
-lcoked jaw, erect ears, sardonic grin, protrusion of htird eyelid
-tetanic paralysis, death |
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Term
| How do we diagnose tetanus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the tx goals of tetanus? |
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Definition
-eliminate infection
-neutralize toxin
-relief of muscle spasm
-nursing care
-establish active antotoxic immunity |
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Term
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Definition
-eliminate infection: debride wound, PPG or K-pen
-Neutralize free toxin: antitoxin
-acepromazine or diazepam for muscle spasms
-nursing care: nutrition, nursing care, good bedding |
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Term
| How do we control tetanus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the prognosis of tetanus? |
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Definition
-mortality < 50%
-if survives w/in 1w: fair to good
-if improve w/in 2w: poor to fair |
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Term
| What is the etiology behind botulism? |
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Definition
| -C. botulinum type B, C, or D |
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Term
| What is the mode of intoxication of botulism? |
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Definition
-infestion of preformed toxin: forage poisoning
-toxico-infection: toxin pdn in GI
-wound botulism |
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Term
| Describe pathophys of botulism. |
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Definition
| -toxic inh ACh release at peripheral cholinergic sits |
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Term
| What is the incubatio nperiod of botulism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the CS of botulism? |
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Definition
-progressive ascending muscular hypotonia
-dec tongue & jaw tone
-flaccid paralysis |
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Term
| How do we diagnose botulism? |
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Definition
-CS, serology
-ID of toxin in serum/GI/feedstuff |
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Term
| How do we treat botulism? Prognosis? |
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Definition
-antitoxin in early stage + nursing care
-fatal w/out tx |
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Term
| Which bugs cause nervous coccidiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the CS of nervous coccidiosis? |
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Definition
-ataxia, tremors, snapping eyelids
-seizures, opisthotonus, blindness, death
-INTERMITTENT EPISODES |
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Term
| How do we dx nervous coccidiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we treat nervous coccidiosis? |
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Definition
-sulfas, amprolium
-support
-control sizures |
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Term
| How do we control & prevent nervous coccidiosis? |
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Definition
-control: hygiene
-prevention: monensn, lasalocid, decoquinate, amprolium |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of nervous coccidiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the epidemiology of vitamin A deficiency? |
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Definition
-young cattle, pigs, horses
-no access to succulent plants for extended periods
-access to feed w/ low vit A levels: dry pastures, cereal grains (prolonged sotrage), mineral oil |
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Term
| Describe pathophys of dec retinol. |
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Definition
-imapred rod function = nyctalopia (night blindness)
-retinal egen
-dec CSF absorption = inc CSF pressure |
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Term
| What are the main CS of vitamin A deficiency? |
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Definition
-blindness: mydriasis, absent menace
-ophto exam: papilledema, optic disc swelling
-others: convulsions, diarrhea, poor repro, abortion/fetal malformations |
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Term
| How do we diagnose vit A deficiency? |
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Definition
-hx + CS + optho exam
-low Vit A |
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Term
| How do we treat vit A deficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we control vit A deficiency? |
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Definition
-access to succulent or green plants
-vit A supplementation in feed |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of vit A deficiency? |
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Definition
| -blindness not really reversible |
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