Term
| What does it mean to say that dz occurs when resistance and challenge intersect? |
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Definition
| -resistance has declined OR challenge has risen |
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Term
| How do we inc resistance for dz? |
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Definition
-vaccination
-biosecurity
-good nutrition |
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Term
| How do we lower the challenge for dz? |
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Definition
-isolation upon entry
-test for dz upon entry |
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Term
| Describe farrowing in today's sow farm. |
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Definition
-sows are bred, gestated, and farrowed in indoor facilities on slats
-in individual farrowing crates |
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Term
| What is the typical wt of a newborn pig? Weaned pigs? |
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Definition
-newborn: 1-3 lb
-Weaned: 10-15lb |
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Term
| Describe a swine nursery. |
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Definition
-arrive as weaned pigs (10-15 lbs)
-leave as "Feeder pigs" (40-50 lbs) |
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Term
| Describe a swine finishing plant. |
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Definition
-feeder pigs arrive at 40-50 lb
-market hogs leave at 250-270 lb |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of orcine Resp Dz Complex (PRDC). Etiology? |
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Definition
-usually due to stress
-primary infection: M. hyopneumoniae, swine influenza virus, PRRS, PCV2
-Secondary infection: Strep suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Bordatella bronchiseptica |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of Porcine Resp Dz Complex? |
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Definition
-fever
-depression
-anorexia
-coughing: dry nonproductive
-dyspnea
-thumping: exaggerated, jerking abdominal breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
-CS
-lesions
-can submit samples to lab to determine which pathogens are involved |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-mass-treatment for control of secondary bacterial infections
-oral tx in feed/water or parenteral tx |
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Term
| What is the most economically damaging disease in swine industry? |
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Definition
| -Porcine Repro Resp Syndrome: PRRS |
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Term
| What kind of virus is PRRS? Which cells does it target? |
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Definition
-arterivirus: RNA virus
-attacks macrophages |
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Term
| What is a special challenge when tackling the PRRS virus? |
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Definition
| -mutates readily so new strains are constantly emerging |
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Term
| True or FAlse: Animals immune to one strain of PRRS are protected against all strains. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why do we frequently see concurrent infections w/ PRRS? |
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Definition
| -b/c it attacks the macrophages it makes the animal immunosuppressed |
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Term
|
Definition
-aerosol or direct contact
-coital transmission (even AI)
-iatrogenic spread
-indirect contact (fomites)
-can be airborne b/n farms several miles away |
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Term
| Describe the "life cycle" of PRRS in the animal. |
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Definition
| -replication in local macrophage => viremia => lymphoid organs and lungs => development of acquired immunity and clearing of the virus w/in 2-4w in msot animals |
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Term
| What leads to persistent PRRS infection? How long do PI animals shed the virus? |
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Definition
-replication in lymphoid tissue
-shed up to 6m |
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Term
| True or FAlse: PI w/ PRRSV is based on immunotolerance and is life long. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, not based on immunotolerance and not lifelonge |
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Term
| Can postnatal and fetal swine become PI w/ PRRS? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of repro PRRS infection? |
|
Definition
-high numbers of abortions at any stage of pregnancy
-fever
-anorexia
-resp symptoms
-inc mummies several weeks after acute break |
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Term
| When are neonatal pigs infected w/ PRRS? CS? |
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Definition
-infected in utero or shortly after birth
-fever
-depression
-resp distress
-cyanosis
-diarrhea
-VERY HIGH MORTALITY
-similar in weaned pigs, but concurrent infections inc severity and mortality |
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Term
| What do we see on PRRS on necropsy? |
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Definition
-aborted ftuses may be fresh or autolyzed
-diffuse interstitial pneumonia (lungs don't collapse) w/ tan discoloeration
-LN enlarged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CS + lsions
=PCR on saliva
-ELISA to determne herd status |
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Term
| Describe prevention/control PRRS? |
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Definition
-mantenance of negative herd is best strategy
-areas with a low population of pigs are best for sow farms
-biosecurity: replacement animals, transportation, supplies/tools/equipment, personnel, vermin, air filter |
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Term
| What kind of virus is Swine Flu? How is it classified? |
|
Definition
-orthomyxovirus: RNA genome
-type A influenze virus
-classified by hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) |
|
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Term
| Is interspecies transmission of swine flu possible? Explain. |
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Definition
-yes
-turkeys, ducks, wild birds, people |
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Term
| Describe the "Classical" Swine H1N1 strain that dominated in the 1900's. |
|
Definition
-outbreaks occured in late autumn and early winter
-high morbidity/low mortality
-highly conserved genetically and antigenically
-effective commercial vacciens |
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Term
| Describe the H3N2 "triple reassortment" swine flue from 1997. |
|
Definition
-in US
-components of human, avian, and swine viruses
-now a year round problem
-commercial vaccines often ifeffective due to strian differences |
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Term
| Describe the "life cycle" of swine flu in the body. |
|
Definition
-virus attaches to and enters resp epi => widespread necrosis and infamm of brinchi/bronchioles, and interalveolar septa
-no viremia
-essentially limited to resp system |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of swine flue? |
|
Definition
-sudden onset and high morbidity
-high temp
-paroxysmal dry cough
-thumping
-prostration
-anorexia
-depression
-rapid recovery complete by 10-14d
-low mortality if uncomplicated but rarely uncomplicated |
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Term
| What do we see on necropsy w/ swine flu? |
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Definition
-pulmonar hyperemia
-cranioventral consolidatoin |
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Term
| How do we treat swine flue? |
|
Definition
-suportive: aspirin in water
-abx control of secondary bacterial problems |
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Term
| How do we prevent/control swine flue? |
|
Definition
-killed viral vx
-commercial: limited strains
-autogenous: lengthy process for pdn and approval
-pre-farrow vx of sows
-whole herd sow farm vx
-vx of growying pigs |
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Term
| What is the main etiology of porcine circovirus associated dz (PCVAD)? |
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Definition
| -Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) |
|
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Term
| Which pigs are most commonly affected by Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome? |
|
Definition
| -pigs in late nursery and early finisher |
|
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of PDNS. |
|
Definition
-mortality almost 200%
-red to purple lesions on skin: necrotizing vasculitis
-bilaterally enlarged kidneys: necrotizing glomerulitis w/ intrstitial nephritis |
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|
Term
| Which pigs are most commonly affected by post-weaning ultisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical presentation of PMWS? |
|
Definition
-high morbidity
-high mortality
-wating
-palor
-resp distress
0enlarged LN |
|
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Term
| What lesions do we see in response to PMWS? |
|
Definition
-interstitial penumonia
-lymphocyte depletion of lymphoid tissues w/ replacement by histiocytes |
|
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Term
| True or FAlse: PCV2 can cause repro failure. |
|
Definition
| -TRUE: abortions, stillbirths, and mummies |
|
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Term
| HOw do we diagnose PCVAD? |
|
Definition
-PCR typically positive in non-clinical animals
-must have histo lesions to definitively diagnose PCVAD |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiologye behind mycoplasmal pneumonia (enzootic pneumonia)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is mycoplasmal pneumonia transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -aerosol and nose-to-nose contact |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophys of mycoplasmal pneumonia? |
|
Definition
-colonize resp epi => bronchitis, bronchiolitis, mild pneumonia
-interfere w/ ciliary escalator = PRDC |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of mycoplasmal penumonia? |
|
Definition
-often subclinical to mildly clinical
-chronic persistent non-productive cough
-retarded growth and poor feed efficiency
-low mortality |
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