Term
| What is an abomasal displacement? |
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Definition
-gastric disorders wherein the abomasum becomes distended w/ gas and displaces upward and usually to the elft of the abdomen
-dairy > beef |
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Term
| What results from an abomasal displacement? |
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Definition
-partial (LDA/RDA) or complete volvulus outflow obstruction of the abomasum
-anorexia, depression, poor milk pdn |
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Term
| Which cattle are most commonly affected by LDA's? |
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Definition
-fresh dairy cows
-80% w/in first 30d pp
-20% later in lactation |
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Term
| What is the typical etiology behind LDAs? |
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Definition
-impaired abomasal motility
-inc gas formation
-anatomical changes |
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Term
| What are some causes of impaired abomasal motility w/ LDA? |
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Definition
-high grain ration: VFA
-low crude fiber: scratch factor
-rapid intro of grain
-concurrent dz |
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Term
| What are some concurrent diseases that are commonly seen w/ LDA in dairy cows? |
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Definition
-hypocalcemia
-ketosis
-mastitis
-RFM
-metritis
-fatty liver
-ulcers |
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Term
| What anatomical changes inc risk of LDA in dairy cattle? |
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Definition
-large uterus: twins
-age: larger body size |
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Term
| What metabolic alterations occur w/ LDA? TEST QUESTION |
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Definition
-hypochloremia
-hypokalemia
-metabolic alkalosis |
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Term
| What is thetypical hx w/ LDA? |
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Definition
-fist 2-4w postpartum
-eat roughage, grain refusal
-dec milk pdn: gradual dec over 2-4d
-waxing/waning course if floater |
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Term
| What do we see on PE w/ LDA? |
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Definition
-TPR normal
-scant feces
-ping over ribcage
-succussible fluid splash: most not all
-rumen displaced to the right
-bloat: calves |
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Term
| What are the major differentials for left-sided ping? |
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Definition
-LDA
-rumen gas cap
-pneumoperitoneum |
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Term
| What tests can we use to differentiate the differentials for left sided ping? |
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Definition
-location
-quality of ping
-succussion
-pass stomach tube
-liptac test |
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Term
| What are some complications of LDA? |
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Definition
-concurrent abomasal ulcers: peritonitis, adhesions to left body wall
-suspect w/ chornicity, bruxism, penumoperitoneum
-detect w/ occult blood, abdominocentesis, WON'T MOVE WHILE ROLLING
-diarreha
-paresis/downer |
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Term
| What is the typical prognosis of LDA? |
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Definition
-if no complications, good to excellent
-diarrhea or down is worse prognosis |
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Term
| How do we correct an LDA? |
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Definition
-rolling th ecow
-external stabilization: blind stitich/toggle pin
-right flank omentopexy
-left flank abomasopexy
-rt paramedian abomasopexy |
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Term
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Definition
-abx if necessary
-ketosis: IV glucose/PG
-oral fluids/electrolytes
-transfaunation: helps appetite
-monitor return of appetite & pdn: near normal in 2-3 days |
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Term
| Describe an RDA/Volvulus. |
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Definition
-less common than LDA
-less assoc w/ parturtiion
-similar etiology
-EMERGENCY!!!! |
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Term
| What is abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
-starts as RDA
-rotates lesser omentum conter-cw from rt & rear
-causes obstruction of flood flow |
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Term
| Describe the pathophysiology behind abomasal volvulus. |
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Definition
-strangulating obstruction:
-complete outflow obstruction
-vascular compromise
-mucosal hypoxia: necrosis
-endotoxemia: peritonitis
-dehydration
-acid-base & electrolyte disturbances |
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Term
| What metabolic derangements occur due to abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
-hypochloremia
-hypokalemia
-hypocalcemia
-metabolic alkalosis
-superimposed metabolic acidosis
-inc anion gap |
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Term
| What is the typical hx of abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
-early postpartum cow
=acute onset/rapid progression
-severe/complete anorexia
-marked drop in milk pdn
-dec fecal pdn
-mild colic |
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Term
| What are our clinical findings w/ abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
-elevated heart rate
-significant dehydration
-rumen hypomotility
-distended right flank
-rumen distention
-feces: normal or crazy
-abomasum palpable on rectal |
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Term
| What are our major diffeentials for right-sided ping? |
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Definition
-RDA
-abomasal volvulus
-colonic atony/distension
-cecal dilatation/volvulus
-pneumoperitoneum |
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Term
| Describe the abomasal volulus ping. |
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Definition
-centered over 10th-12thrib
-large: 9th ICS
-flat ventral corder: fluid
-succussible fluid splash
-rectal = palpable |
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Term
| How do we treat abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOw do we medically manage an abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
-IV fluids
-abx if needed
-NSAIDs |
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Term
| Describe supportive therapy for abomasal voluvlus. |
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Definition
-pre-op & intra-op fluids: isotonic NaCl/Ringer's
-NSAID/BAnamine
-abx |
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Term
| What are the complications seen with abomasal volvulus? |
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Definition
-bowel necroisis: peritonitis & hcock w/in hours
-vagal indigestion 3-4 d post op: correct electrolyte/fluid deficits, decompress rumen (Kingman) encourage exercise |
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