Term
| HOw do we typically treat scapular fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is our concern with transverse scapular fractures? What do we recommend? |
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Definition
-scapula can fold on itself
-internal fixation is recommended |
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Term
| What is our concern with comminuted scapular fractures? What do we recommend? |
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Definition
-unstable
-internal fixation is recommended |
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Term
| What age group of dogs usually presents with fractures of the supraglenoid tuberosity? What causes it? |
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Definition
-immautre dogs
-avulsion injury/physeal suparation due to biceps m distraction of fragment |
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Term
| What do we reccomend of fractures of the supraglendoid tuberosity? |
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Definition
| -internal fixation: pin and tension band with lag screw |
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Term
| What is our concern with scapular fractures of the neck and glenoid cavity? How do we fix them? |
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Definition
-may affect scapulohumeral joint function
-anatomic reconstruction: cross pins and lag screw |
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Term
| What are the major anatomic considerations for humeral fractures? |
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Definition
-greater tubercle
-epicondyles
0radial nerve |
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Term
| Why are open fractures less common in the humerus? |
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Definition
| -large soft tissue envelop |
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Term
| What does external coaptation of the humerus require? |
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Definition
| -spica splint for stabilization |
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Term
| What kind of dogs get proximal physeal fractures of the humerus? How do we fix them? |
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Definition
-young, growing dogs
-parallel K wires and pins across the physis |
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Term
| What is the general goal of fixing diaphyseal humeral fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the fracture types that commonly affect the humerus? |
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Definition
-comminuted
-transverse
-oblique
-spiral |
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Term
| How do we fix a diaphyseal humeral spiral fracture? |
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Definition
-plate and screws
-IM pin and cerclage wire |
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Term
| What determines the pin diameter of humeral diaphyseal fractures? |
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Definition
| -diameter of distal canal |
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Term
| How do we fix a transverse diaphyseal humeral fracture? |
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Definition
| -plant and screws +/- IM pin |
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Term
| How do we fix a comminuted diaphyseal humeral fracture? |
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Definition
-plate and screws with IM pin
-external fixator |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of condylar humeral fractures? |
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Definition
| -young dog or older dog with IOHC |
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Term
| What type of fracture is a condylar humeral fracture? Is it common or uncommon? |
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Definition
-Salter-Harris type IV: T or Y fracture of lateral condyle
-MOST COMMON TYPE OF HUMERAL FRACTURE |
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Term
| Does the lateral or medial condyle fracture more commonly on the canine humerus? |
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Definition
-lateral
-inc weight bearing b/c articulates with radius |
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Term
| What fixation method do we use on condylar humeral fractures? |
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Definition
-lag screw and anti-rotational K wire
-bilateral plates and screws |
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Term
| What are our major anatomic considerations for fixing radial and ulnar fractures? |
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Definition
-no soft tissue envelope
-weight-bearing forces
-blood supply: dec in small breed distal radius |
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Term
| What are the two common methods of external coaptatio used on radial and ulnar fractures? |
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Definition
-Robert Jones
-Modified Robert Jones |
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Term
| What fixation methods do we use on radial and ulnar fractures? |
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Definition
-bone plate and screws
-external fixation
-casting: must have 50% reduciton and works best in transverse fractures in young dogs
-IM pin in ulna ONLY |
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Term
| Do we more frequently fixate both the ulnar and radius or just radius when they are fractured? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is external fixation preferred in the case of radial and ulnar fractures? What configuration do we use? |
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Definition
-open fractures and minimal bone to work with cases
-type IA (avoid type II b/c violates safe corridors) |
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Term
| What are the common etiologies of pathologic fractures? |
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Definition
-neoplasia
-fungal osteomyeitis |
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Term
| In which kind of dog do we see carpal fractures? How do we treat them? |
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Definition
-Greyhound accessory carpal bone
-Tx: lag screw application |
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Term
| Are metacarpal fractures common or uncommon? How are they treated surgically? Medically? |
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Definition
-common
-Sx: IM pins/plates and caudal splint
-Mx: MOST COMMON, closed reduction and caudal splint |
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Term
| What are the indications for surgical reduciton of metacarpal fractures? |
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Definition
-open fractures
-gross displacement
-intra-articular fractures
-all 4 MC bones fractured |
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