Term
| What are the more commonly performed radiographic contrast studies? |
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Definition
-esophagraphy
-gastrography
-upper GI's
-pneumocolon
-cystography
-excretory urography
-urethrography
-vaginourethrogram |
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Term
| What are the two forms of Barium contrast that we have? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the two forms of iodinated contrast that we have? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which contrast agent do we use almost exclusively for GI studies? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What happens if extravasation of barium occurs? |
|
Definition
-peritonitis or mediastinitis
-granuloma formation and fibrosis
->50% mortality rate
-barium extravasation into the vascular space is usually fatal |
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Term
| What happens if a small amount of barium is aspirated? What about a large amount? |
|
Definition
-a small amount is usually benign
-a large amount will interfere with ventilation |
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|
Term
| What is the typical volume of barium used for GI studies? What about the typical concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of barium suspensions do we use? |
|
Definition
| -commercial micropulverized suspensions |
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|
Term
| Do we use liquid or past barium for visualization of the esophageal mucosa? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Can we perform endoscopy and evaluate the GI with ultrasound following the administration of iodinated contrast? What about with barium contrast? |
|
Definition
-yes with iodinated contrast
-no with barium contrast |
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Term
| What are the two types of iodinated contrast? Compare/contrast them. |
|
Definition
-Ionic: less preferred b/c more rxns, less cost, ionicity, hypertonic, significant third spacing, do not use in dehydrated patients, significant pulmonary edema if aspirated
-Non-ionic: preferred, higher cost but dropping, much less tonicity, some are isotonic, far safer if aspirated |
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Term
| Is acute renal failure more likely with ionic or non-ionic agents? Why does this occur? |
|
Definition
-ionic agents
-due to a combo of renal vasoconstriction and hypovolemia |
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|
Term
| What is our major concern with performing iodinated contrast procedures? |
|
Definition
| -DO NOT PERFORM IODINATED CONTRAST PROCEDURES ON DEHYDRATED PATIENTS!!! |
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|
Term
| What are some reactions to iodinated contrast? |
|
Definition
-anticoagulant effects
-inc perm nof BBB
-BRADYCARDIA
-CHF
-ECG changes
-endothelial damage
-desiccation of RBCs
-depressed left ventricular function
-nausea & vomiting
-vasodilation
-anaphylactic allergic reactions |
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