Term
| What are the four important vesicular diseases? |
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Definition
1) Vesicular stomatitis
2) Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
3) Foot and MOuth Disease
4) Swine Vesibular Disease |
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|
Term
| Can the four important vesicular diseases be clinically differentiated from each other? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which vesicular disease is present in the US? Which virus is it closely related to that is endemic in sea mammals off the coast of CA? |
|
Definition
-Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
-San Miguel Sea Lion virus |
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|
Term
| Which of the 4 vesicular diseases are reportable? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a ______ type of virus belonging to the virus family ______. |
|
Definition
-vesiculovirus
-Rhabdoviridae |
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|
Term
| Which animals are affected by vesicular stomatitis virus? |
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Definition
| -horses, cattle, and pigs but can also infect man |
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|
Term
| What are the characteristic clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis virus? |
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Definition
| -development of vesicles in the mouth, feet, and on the teats |
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|
Term
| What are the two serotypes of Vesicular Stomatitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the geography of vesicular stomatitis virus. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which animal is vesicular stoamtitis virus most often diagnosed clinically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Vesicular Stomatitis virus transmitted? |
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Definition
| -sand flies (eye gnats) and black flies along river drainages |
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|
Term
| Describe the seasonality of vesicular stomatitis outbreaks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is vesicular stomatitis transmitted during an outbreak? |
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Definition
| -through saliva and vesicular fluid through mucosa or broken skin |
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|
Term
| What is the incubation period of vesicular stomatis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis? |
|
Definition
-fever, anorexia, and excess salivation first
-then mild fever with profuse ropy salive
-vesicles on dorsum of tongue, dental pads, buccal mucosa, teats, coronary bands
-lameness |
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|
Term
| Describe the morbidity and mortality rates of vesicular stomatitis. How quickly do they recover? |
|
Definition
-Morbidity = 10-80%
-Mortality = 0%
-recovery in 3-4 days |
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|
Term
| Which samples do we collect for treatment of vasicular stomatitis? |
|
Definition
| -vesicular fluid and paired serum samples for RT_PCR and virus isolation |
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|
Term
| How do we control vesicular stomatitis? |
|
Definition
-control movement of sick animals
-vaccination in high producing dairy herds |
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|
Term
| Give a general discription of vesicular exanthema of swine (VES). |
|
Definition
| -an acute, febrile, contagious disease of swine characterized by the formation of vesicles on the snout, in the mouth, and on the feet |
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|
Term
| What is the incubation period of vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)? |
|
Definition
| -incubation period = 18-72 hors |
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|
Term
| Describe the morbidity and mortality rates of vesicular exanthema of swine. |
|
Definition
| -high morbidity, low mortality |
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for vesicular exanthema of swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does vesicular exanthema of swine occur geographically? Describe its prevelance. |
|
Definition
-msotly in the US
-eradicated |
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|
Term
| How is exanthema of swine diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| -RT-CR and virus isolation on vesicualr fluid |
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|
Term
| How do we prevent exanthema of swine from spreading? |
|
Definition
| -quaratnine, slaughter all animals, restrict animal movement, disinfect (2% sodium hydroxide solution), may immunize with formalin inactivated vaccines |
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|
Term
| Is exanthema of swine zoonotic? How does it present in humans? |
|
Definition
-yes
-severe conjunctivitis |
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|
Term
| How can VESV and San Miguel Sea Lion Virus (SMSV) be distinguished? |
|
Definition
| -Virus neutralizaiton test |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of San Miguel Sea Lion Virus? |
|
Definition
| -abortions and vesicular lesions in the moth and on the flippers of sea lions |
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|
Term
| Which animals are affected by foot and mouth disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is foot and mouth disease important? |
|
Definition
| -responzible for tremendous loss in production |
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|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for foot and mouth disease? To what viral family does it belong? |
|
Definition
-Aphtovirus
-Picorvaviridae |
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|
Term
| How many subtypes of Foot and mouth disease are there? Why is this important clinically? |
|
Definition
-over 70
-each are antigenically edifferent enough that they need different vaccines |
|
|
Term
| Where is foot and mouth disease geographically? |
|
Definition
| -Africa, Asia, Europe, and most of South America |
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|
Term
| Describe the morbidity and mortality of FMD. |
|
Definition
| -high morbidity and low mortality (<3%) |
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|
Term
| Do recovered cattle remain carriers of FMD? |
|
Definition
| -may remain carriers with virus recovered in the epi cells lining the pharynx and esophagus |
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|
Term
| Where can most outbreaks of FMD be traced? |
|
Definition
| -to illegal importation of infected emat products or animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -saliva and body fluids = direct contant, fomites, inhalation, ingestion |
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|
Term
| What is the incubation period of FMD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What aret eh clinical signs of FMD in cattle? |
|
Definition
-lameness, smacking of lips and salivation, vesicles may appear in mouth/muzzle/feet/teats/udder
-in calves death may occur due to myocarditis |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of FMD in pigs? |
|
Definition
| -lameness and vesicles on snout |
|
|
Term
| What samples do we submit for the diagnosis of FMD? |
|
Definition
| -vesicular fluid and epithelial covering |
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|
Term
| What happens after an animal recovers from FMD? |
|
Definition
| -good immunity after recovery |
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|
Term
| How do we prevent FMD in countries with it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we detect to distinguish FMD-vaccinated animals and FMD-infeted animals? |
|
Definition
| -Virus Infection Associated Ag (RNA polymerase enzyme that will not be present in vaccinated animals) |
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|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for Swine Vesicular Disease? To which viral family does it belong? |
|
Definition
-enterovirus
-Picornaviridae |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is responsible for seine vesicular disease? |
|
Definition
| -porcine enterovirus type - |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of swine vesicular disease? |
|
Definition
| -vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the feet |
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