Term
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Definition
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Term
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| 50 % of ppl > _ years old drink alcohol |
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Definition
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| alcohol abuse is linked to _ diseases |
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Definition
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Term
is alchol depedence considered a disease?
why? |
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Definition
yes
its a deviation from normal body characterisitcs |
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| its not how much or frequency of drinking, its if you have a - |
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Definition
| compulsion to drink (WHEN you drink) |
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Term
| does alcoholism have genetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some genes leading to alcoholism-3 |
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Definition
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| env factros that increase risk of alcoholism-2 |
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Definition
urban residence
religious background |
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Term
| with alcoholism the main problems are devlopment os what issues?-2 |
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Definition
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| social problems wiht alcoholism:2 |
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Definition
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| medical complications with alcoholism-4 |
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Definition
malnutrition/thiamine def
cardiomyopahty
pancreatitis
liver disease |
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Term
| ethanol is what class of agent |
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Definition
| CNS depressant ;sedative/hypnotic |
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Term
| alcohol affetcs what NTs?-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol on GABA-A recpt increase what ions?-3 |
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Definition
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Term
| alcohol acting on GABA A recptors decrease what ions-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| allosteric modulator of GABA A results in-3 |
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Definition
| hypnotic, sedation, anxiolysis, |
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Term
| the motor incoordination from alcohol is result of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the direct opening of a GABA A recpt cna lead to?-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| the cognitive impairment by alcohl is done by inhibiting what recptors-2 |
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Definition
| inhibit NMDA and kainate recpts (glut) |
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Term
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Definition
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| how many grams of alcohol are in a 12 oz beer |
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Definition
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Term
| a typical beer will increase blood alcohol level to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a lethal blood alcohol level? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is he absoprtion for alcohol in GI? |
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Definition
| rapid in stomach and small intestine |
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Term
| what can delay gastric empyting with alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the enzyme that inactivates alcohol? -2 |
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Definition
alcohol dehydrogenanse
aldehyde dehydrogenase |
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Term
| what med inhibits alcohol dehydogenase ? |
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Definition
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Term
| peak conc of alcohol is within- |
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Definition
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| whcih enzyme converts alchol to acetaldehyde |
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Definition
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Term
| acetaldehyde is converted to _ which then is metab to -2 |
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Definition
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Term
| alcohol elimination follow what order kinetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| max rate of alcohol eliminationis- |
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Definition
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Term
blood alcohol decreases at rate of _ per hour?
so how long for one beer? |
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Definition
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Term
alchol is broken down by which CYP?
*only improtant wiht chronic exposure bc of enzyme induction |
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Definition
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Term
| if pt has low acitvity of this enzyme they are prone to flushing when drinking |
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Definition
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Term
| at larger doses blood alchol conc fallas linearly with time or log of blood alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| alcohol primarily effects what? |
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Definition
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| loss of ocnciousness form alcohol is at what percent |
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Definition
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Term
chronic alcoholism increases _ which damages hepatocytes?
this this leads to what? |
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Definition
acetaldehyde
fat accum (fatty liver) -> cirrhosis |
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Term
| bc alcohol is a source of calories, it causes what chronically? |
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Definition
| mal ingestion of proteins/vitamins like thaimine |
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Term
| only chronic high intake of alcohol is damaging to brain, what are the diseases?-3 |
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Definition
wernicke enceph
thaimine def
korsakow |
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Term
with light to moderate consuption alcohol cna reduce-3
when does it change? |
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Definition
CAD, ischemic stroke, total mortality
33g/d it now increases mortality |
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Term
| with light to moderate alcohol it can increasE _ and reduce _ |
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Definition
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Term
| how do you get hepatotoxicity from alcohol? |
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Definition
| NADH + acetylCoA-> TGs->fatty liver->cirrhosis |
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Term
| does alcoholism cause dehydration |
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Definition
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Term
| 1/1000 babies have fetal alcohol syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| acute alcohol withdrawl= hangover, wht are th sypmtoms-3 |
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Definition
| headache, nauseau, dry moouth |
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Term
| chronic alcohlism withdrawal symtpoms-3 |
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Definition
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Term
| what drug class is good fro managing symtpoms of alchol withdrawal (like tremor/seizure) |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment for severe alcohol withdrawla should be done where-2 |
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Definition
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| treatment for preventiuon of alcoholism replase is drugs + _ |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the drugs for alcoholism prevention-2 |
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Definition
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Term
MOA of disulfuram
so if the eprson drinks alcohol it causes-3 |
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Definition
inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
flushing, headahce, chest pain |
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Term
| which med has compliance issues |
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Definition
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Term
naltrexone MOA
what does it do? |
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Definition
anatag of opioid recpt
reeduces craving by attenuating effects of alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
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| semi-synthetic opiate from morphine? |
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Definition
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Term
| semi-synthetic opiate from codine?-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| semi-synthetic opiate from thebaine?-2 |
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Definition
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Term
| opiods increase DA in the _, this acitavtes the _ |
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Definition
VTA-> nucelus accumbens
pleasure pathway |
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Term
| how do opioids increase DA?-2 |
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Definition
decrease releas eof GABA
decrease stimulation of GABA |
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Term
| what NT regulates DA release? |
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Definition
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Term
| opioids accum in hgihly perfused organs like brain, kidney, liver* |
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Definition
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Term
| no tolerance devlopes for what opioids effects-3 |
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Definition
miosis
constipation
convulsions |
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Term
| primary withdrwal symtoms of opiod withdrwal occur when |
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Definition
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Term
| secdonary withdrwal of opioids occurs when |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some symptoms of opiod withdrwal |
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Definition
muscle aches/fever
runny nose
N/V/D |
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Term
| the new opioid with stong hallucinogenic prooperties is ? |
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Definition
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Term
| what opioid works on the K opioid recptors |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the recpotrs for marijuana |
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Definition
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Definition
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| periphery (includes testes) |
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| at high levels marijuana localizes where-2 |
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Definition
hippocampus
cerebral cortex |
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Term
| at moderate levels marijuana localizes where-3 |
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Definition
spinal cord
hypothalmus
amygadala |
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Term
| at hgih levels of marijuana what is the effect? |
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Definition
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Term
| marijuana interacts with what systems |
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Definition
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Term
marijuana inhibits release of-3
this affects? -3 |
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Definition
glut, DA, GABA
learning, movement, memory |
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Term
| what is the most widely used illict drug? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the susntance in
marijuana that is the cannibinoid agonsit?
how much does a joint have? |
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Definition
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Term
what is the active marijuana metab?
inactive? |
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Definition
11-hydroxy THC (mroe active than regular THC)
11-nor-carboxy THC |
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Term
| how long can nor-carboxy THC be detected for? |
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Definition
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Term
| does marijuana have abuse potention? |
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Definition
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Term
marijuana has increased _ effects
it also increases-2 |
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Definition
postivie subjective
heart rate, food intake |
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Term
| in acute marijuana smokers what are negative effects |
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Definition
| anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations |
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Term
| meddicla marijuana can be used for-4 |
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Definition
gluacoma
pain
appetie stimualnt
chemo induced nausea |
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Term
| upon chronic use of marijuana there cna be what type fo depednence? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is the only time there are marijuana withdrwal symtpoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| can marijuana affect fetus? |
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Definition
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