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| The Classic Roman House was __________ and __________ as a __________ _____ that was divided into _ parts. |
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| The Classic Roman House was conceived and designed as a linear plan that was divided into 2 parts. |
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| The organizing feature for the front or main entry part of the house was the _____. |
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| The organizing feature for the second part or the back section of the house was the ___________. |
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| The organizing feature for the _____ or ____ _____ part of the house was the Atrium |
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| The organizing feature for the front or main entry part of the house was the Atrium. |
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| The organizing feature for the ______ ____ or the ____ section of the house was the Peristylium. |
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| The organizing feature for the second part or the back section of the house was the Peristylium. |
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| Similar to the _____ House Design the _____ House was primarily constructed to face ______. |
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| Similar to the Greek House Design the Roman House was primarily constructed to face inward. |
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| Why were the buildings built with little or no windows in the exterior walls? (3 reasons) |
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| The urban envirenment was typically noise, unpleasant, dangerous and hostile, especially after dark. |
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| The house needed to draw its air and light from the openings of the ______ and ___________. |
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| The house needed to draw its air and light from the openings of the atrium and peristylium. |
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| The names used to describe the rooms located around the front Atrium feature were _____ names. Curiously the names used to describe the rooms located around the Peristylium were _____ names. Obviously this reflects the strong influence that the _____ house had on the _____ culture. |
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| The names used to describe the rooms located around the front Atrium feature were Latin names. Curiously the names used to describe the rooms located around the Peristylium were Greek names. Obviously this reflects the strong influence that the Greek house had on the Roman culture |
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| Much like the _____ domestic house design the back area or ___________ was a more private and restricted area. |
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| Much like the Greek domestic house design the back area or Peristylium was a more private and restricted area. |
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| ___ family occupied a Roman house. However, Roman families were often ________ and ________ to include several generations. |
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| One family occupied a Roman house. However, Roman families were often enlarged and extended to include several generations. |
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| Why were skylight adaptions perfect for Mediterranean climate? |
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| Atrium and Peristylium are open to the sky, letting fresh air in to circulate among the corridors and rooms. |
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| (True or False) Rooms were designed for many purposes. |
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| False, Rooms were designed for one specific purpose only. |
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| Typically houses were only built on _____ with no ________ and there might be a _______ number of rooms located on a ______ floor. |
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| Typically houses were only built on grade with no basement and there might be a limited number of rooms located on a second floor. |
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| What was the Atrium originally used as? |
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| In an old Latin household, the atrium was originally the bedroom of the mother of the family. Therefore a bed stood opposite the main entrance. The Romans kept the bed standing, as a symbol of the sanctity of marriage. |
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| Where is the Atrium located? |
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| The central hall at the entrance of the Roman house with a central opening in the roof (Compluvium) and a pool below (Impluvium). Several rooms lead off of this central hall. |
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| What does the bed in the Atrium symbolize? |
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| Symbol of the sancitiy of marriage |
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| How was the bed in the Atrium used? |
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| The bride was still placed upon it by the groom as part of the marriage ceremony. |
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| 2 symbols connected with Atrium? |
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The hearth was the symbol of __________, and was situated _________
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| The hearth was a symbol of homeliness, and was situated in the atrium the centre of the house and domestic life. |
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| Each Roman House had its own ______ ___ |
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| Center opening in the roof of the Atrium to collect rainwater. |
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| __________ was the central opening in the roof of the Atrium. |
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| Pool below the central opening in the roof of the Atrium. |
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| Pool below the Compluvium in the Atrium. |
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| Where was the Peristylium located in the Roman House and what was it used for? |
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| The Peristylium was the garden of the house. Used to grow flowers like roses, violets and lilies and herbs. |
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| How did they decorate the Peristylium? |
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| They used small statues and statuettes and other onamental artwork or outdoor furning to decorate the space. |
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| On sunny days, this room is also used as an outside dining area. |
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| What is Vestebulum used for? |
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| A Roman house did not open directly into the street or oad, but into a small passage way called Vestibulum. |
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| What is the Fauces used for? |
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| Fauces was the corridor that led from the main door onwards into the atrium. Sometimes wax copies of the busts of important family ancestors -were displayed in niches within the fauces. |
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| What is the Impluvium used for? |
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| Pool places in the center of the atrium receiving rain water from the opening in the roof called the compluvium. |
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| What is the Ala used for? |
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| The alae were the open rooms on each side of the atrium. Their use is unknown today. Ones knows that in the early Italian houses, which had a covered atrium, the alae had windows to allow light to enter the house. However, with the introduction of the compluvium and the general abandoning of windows in the Roman house, the alae became largely obsolete. It appears they were built in accordance to tradition, rather than for any specific use. |
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| What is the Triclinium used for? |
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| Acted as a dining room and contained 3 couches disposed in a u shap around a small table. Originally it denoted a bed containig three places. A ritual based on the sharing of food develops there. |
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| In earlier days meals were eaten in the ______, the ________, or a dining room that was located above the ________ called the _________. |
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| In earlier days meals were eaten in the atrium, the tablinum, or a dining room that was located above the tablinum called the Cenaculum. |
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| With the introduction of the Greek Practice of _________ when eating, the __________ was set aside as room especially for dining in. |
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| With the introduction of the Greek Practice of reclining when eating, the Triclinium was set aside as room especially for dining in. |
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| Many houses once would find _______ _________, rooms designated as dining areas, allowing the family a choice of which room to eat in on any particular day. |
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| Many houses once would find several triclinias, rooms designated as dining areas, allowing the family a choice of which room to eat in on any particular day. |
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| Where is the Tablinum located? |
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| The tablinum is located at the far end of the atrium, before the peristylum it was an intermediary space of the Roman house that could be closed off into a reception room with movable wooden partitions or curtains. |
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| The _______ was only sepperated from the atrium by a _______ which could easily be drawn back and toward the peristylium it was separated by a wooden screen or wide doors. |
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| The tablinum was only sepperated from the atrium by a curtain which could easily be drawn back and toward the peristylium it was separated by a wooden screen or wide doors. |
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| If the doors/screens and curtains of the tablinum were all opened to increase ventilation during a hot day, one could see from the ______ through the ______ into the ___________. |
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| If the doors/screens and curtains of the tablinum were all opened to increase ventilation during a hot day, one could see from the atrium through the tablinum into the peristylium. |
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| In the early days, the ________ would have acted as the study of the head of the family. |
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| The _______ extend behind the peristylium. It was a _______ room, of similir proportions to the tablinum and acted as a large communal ______ ____ or a ______. |
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| The exhedra extend behind the peristylium It was a spacious room, of similar proportions to the tablinum and acted as a large communal dining room or a lounge. |
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| The _____ appears to have been the same thing as the exhedra, but by a different name. If the inside of this room was decorated by columns lining the walls, it was known as an _____ __________. |
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| The oecus appears to have been the same thing as the exhedra, but by a different name. If the inside of this room was decorated by columns lining the walls, it was known as an oecus Corinthium. |
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| Where was the Taberna located? |
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| The taberna was a room in the Roman house which surrounded the atrium, but which had its own entrance from the outside and did not lead into the interior of the house. |
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| The _______ could be used as shops. |
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Tabernas normally included
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1. a brick counter to display goods by the entrance
2. usually one or more back rooms |
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| The taberna normally had a floor added to cut the tall room in half to create two low floors. Pergola is the upper floor. |
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| What were Pergolas used for? |
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| These cramped flat housed the very poor, perhaps a poor client family loyal to teh family who inhabited the house. |
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| (True or False)A taberna was meant to house tenants. |
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| False- A taberna though was not necessarily meant as housing for tenants,but could also be a simple shed in which to keep various things not suitable for storage indoors. |
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| The _________ was the bedroom of the Roman house. These bedrooms were situated around the ______ and tended to be smaller than those rooms located around the ___________. |
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| The cubiculum was the bedroom of the Roman house. These bedrooms were situated around the atrium and tended to be smaller than those rooms located around the peristylium. |
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| To the Romans ________ were apparently of less importance than the other rooms of the house. |
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| To the Romans Cubiculum were apparently of less importance than the other rooms of the house. |
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| Sometimes in the front of the Cubiculum, there was a small antechamber, the _________, where a personal servant would stay. |
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| True or False According to the apparent tradition of the Roman house of giving each room a very specific use, the floor mosaics of the cubilucum often clearly marked out the recatngle where the bed was to placed. |
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| Name given to the passageway leading from the atrium to the peristylium. |
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| What was the Posticum used for? |
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| Aside from the main door, there was a servants entrance usually positioned at the side of the house. It was used by slaves, servants, humble visitors or sometimes even by the master of the house, who sought to leave the house unnoticed by the prying eyes of onlookers in the main street. |
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| A bathroom was found in the more affluent family households. It functioned similar to teh public toilet facilites with a trench flushing system. |
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| The kitchen was usually a very small room with a small counter of sorts and a wood-buring stove. The wealthy families had a slave who worked as a cook and spent nearly all of their time in the Cucina. During a hot summer day the family ate their meals in the summer triclinium where it was warm. |
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| The Roman invention of what was a technological breakthrough of the greatest breakthrough? |
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| What was the earliest concrete wall construction named and how was it formed? |
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Name: Opus Incertum
Formed: Workers filled a framework of rough stones with concrete: stone rubble soaked in a binder made from volcanic sand and clay. |
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| How was concrete wall construction formed after Opus Incertum and what was it called? |
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Name: Opus Reticulatum
Formed: the framework is a diagonal web of smallish, pyramidal concrete bricks set in a cross pattern. |
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| How were concrete walls constructed after opus reticulatum? |
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Name: Opus testceum
Formed: setting bricks in level courses, pointed ends inward. |
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| Concrete-based construction freed the Romans from the limits of ___________ _____ and comparatively _____ _____. With this freedom, Roman builders pushed the established limits of architecture, creating some large and highly original spaces, many based on the curve. |
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| Concrete-based construction freed the Romans from the limits of right-angle forms and comparatively short spans. Wih this freedom, Roman builders pushed the established limits of architecture, creating some large and highly original spaces, many based on the curve. |
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