Term
| What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution and when and why did it start in England rather than France? |
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Definition
Europe after 1750 - Mechanization, non-domestic, mass production
Causes) - Increased consumer demand -cotton, iron, pottery
- Need for a larger labor force to increase production
- Cultural Values and Protestant religion
- Capitalist profit motive
- Advantages in natural resources, Coal / iron in Britain; Raw materials from colonies |
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Term
| How did the unfolding Industrial Revolution contribute to formation of the modern world system? |
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Definition
- Raised overall standard of living in England
- Cheap labor recruited from poor areas
- Growth of factory towns and industrial cities
- Population increase + urbanization -> urban poverty, crowding
- Inadequate infrastructure, water, sewage
- Pollution and infectious disease
- Marx on industrialization |
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Term
| Negative side effects of Industrial Revolution |
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Definition
-Population increase + urbanization
urban poverty, crowding
-Inadequate infrastructure, water, sewage
-Pollution and infectious disease |
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Term
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Definition
| The world is integrated into global social system based on wealth and power differentials among countries |
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Term
| 3 Categories in World System Theory |
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Definition
Core
Semi-Periphery
Periphery |
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Term
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Definition
| Dominant in wealth / power; advanced industrial production |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Least wealth / power; lowest level of industrialization |
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Term
| Examples of Nations in 3 WS Categories |
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Definition
Core) U.S., Japan, France, Canada, UK, Australia
Semi-Periphery) Brazil, South Aftrica, Mexico, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt
Periphery) The rest, Chile, Greeve, Iraq, Puerto Rico |
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Term
| How can World Systems Theory help to Explain IBM Would Lay Off Thousands of Workers in the US while Hiring Thousands in India? |
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Definition
| A core country is searching for a lower country of semi-Perihpery or Perphery, wages are lower for skilled labor that would cost much more in U.S. (75,000 vs. 15,000) |
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Term
| Differences Between Marx and Weber's Theories about Social Stratification and Industrialization? |
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Definition
Marx believed the Proletarianization -> aggravate class stratification (sell labor to survive - means of prod. owned by bourgeoisie)
- Class consciousness would develop -> egalitarian revolution
Weber said that Marx oversimplified
- Economic class is not more important than power, prestige, and other forms of affiliation like nationalism, ethnicity, religion, etc. |
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Term
| How is stratification in the modern capitalist world more complex than either theory? |
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Definition
| The current system features a contrast between the two. Neither plumbed the growing middle class or the hierarchy of nations |
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Term
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Definition
| Policy of a nation or empire aimed at seizing and ruling foreign territory and peoples |
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Term
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Definition
| Political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for extended period of time |
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Term
| Two phases of European colonialism |
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Definition
First Phase - Age of Discovery (1942-1852)
- Mostly Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France
- Mainly colonizing the "New World"
Second Phase (1850s-1945+)
- Mostly Britain and France
- Mainly colonizing Asia and Africa |
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Term
| Similarities and Differences Between British & French Colonialism |
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Definition
Similar) - Economic, governed via Indirect Rule
Difference) French 1st phase (1600s-1860s) = Mostly Canada, Lousiana Territory, Caribbean, parts of India) ; British (1500s-1776) New World, W Africa and India, ended w/ revolution
French 2nd phase (1870 - WWII) = Mostly North Africa & Indochina
British 2nd phase (1776-1945+) = Control most of India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, & large parts of E & S Africa; fall apart after WWII |
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Term
| How did European colonialism fail to respect traditional boundaries of local nations and ethnic groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does Kottak focus on British and French colonialism in this chapter? Across space and time, what are some additional examples of colonialism? (e.g., by Asians or by Americans) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Study of interactions between European nations & societies they colonized |
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Term
| Examples of Settler Countries vs. Non-Settler Countries |
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Definition
Settler Countries: Large # (European colonists and sparser native populations
-Australia, Canada
Nonsetter post-colonies: Large native populations and only small # (European) colonists
-India, Pakistan, bandgladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Senegal, Madagascar, Jamaica |
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Term
| -What are some historical and current examples of core nations intervening in the affairs of another nation, and what kinds of intervention philosophies were used to justify such actions? |
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Definition
Intervention Philosophy: Ideological justification or rationalization for outsiders to guide or rule local people; based on the belief that modernization, industrialization, westernization are good
Examples) White man's burden = British Colonialism
Mission Civilisatrice = French Colonialism
International Communist Movement
Neoliberalism - World bank, IMF Today |
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Term
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Definition
governments should not regulate private enterprise; free market forces should rule
• Free trade best way for nation’s economy to develop
• No restrictions on manufacturing
• No barriers to commerce or tariffs
• Prevailed in U.S. until Roosevelt’s 1930s New Deal
• Since fall of Communism (1989–1991), revival in form of Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs)
– In exchange for loans, governments of post-socialist and developing nations must accept neoliberal premise that deregulation leads to economic growth |
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Term
| When was neoliberalism strong |
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Definition
1989-1991 ; Prevailed in U.S. until Roosevelt's 1930s New Deal
Structure |
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Term
| What are structural adjustment policies and their manifest function versus their actual effects on many developing nations? |
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Definition
| Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs): – In exchange for loans, governments of post-socialist and developing nations must accept neoliberal premise that deregulation leads to economic growth |
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Term
| What is meant by the First, Second, Third, and Fourth worlds, and what are some examples? |
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Definition
First World: Developed world - US, Canada, western Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand
Second World: Communist World - USSR (used to be),
Third World: Underdeveloped countries (poor, rural and agrarian) - China, Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand
Fourth World: Countries that have no industrializing and almost entirely agrarian (subsistence farming) |
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Term
| How many Communist states remain? |
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Definition
| China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, Vietnam |
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Term
| Communism (large C) vs. communism (small c) |
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Definition
communist (small c): social system in which property is owned by the community and people work for the common good
Communism (large C): political movement and doctrine seeking to over-throw capitalism and establish form of communism like in Soviet Union from 1917-91 |
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Term
| Did dismantling the Soviet Union’s planned economy raise GDP and living standards? |
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Definition
| living standards became lower, corruption occured - what is lega and what is morally correct and socially done do not necessarily correspond |
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Term
| When was the U.S. in the periphery? Semi-periphery? Core? |
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Definition
Periphery to Semi-Periphery = 1800-1860
Semiperiphery to Core = 1860-1900 |
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Term
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Definition
| Original Inhabitants of particular areas |
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Term
| Other Types of Colonialism |
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Definition
Greek Empire (500 BC-145 BC)
Roman Empire (146 BC-476 BC)
Qin unification of CHina (221 BC)
Tibetan Empire (618-841 CE)
Mongolian Empire (1200s & 1300s)
japanese occupation of East Asia |
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