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| a dynamic, changing sequence of social actions between individuals (or groups) who modify their actions and reactions according to those of their interaction partner(s). In other words, they are events in which people attach meaning to a situation, interpret what others are meaning, and respond accordingly |
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| A POSITION YOU OCCUPY WITHIN SOCIETY A RECOGNIZED SOCIAL POSITION THAT AN INDIVIDUAL CAN OCCUPY |
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| THE ENTIRE ENSEMBLE OF STATUSES OCCUPIED BY AN INDIVIDUAL |
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| THE STATUS THAT IS MOST INFLUENTIAL IN SHAPING ONES LIFE AT A GIVEN TIME AND HENCE ONES OVERIDING PUBLIC IDENTITY |
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| A SET OF EXPECTED BEHAVIORS |
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| A CLUSTER OF ROLES ATTACHED TO A SINGLE STATUS |
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| GENERALLY ACCEEPTED WAYS OF DOING THINGS |
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| OCCURS WHEN TWO OR MORE STATUSES HELD AT THE SAME TIME PLACE CONTRADICTORY ROLE DEMANDS ON A PERSON |
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| OCCURS WHEN INCOMPATIBLE ROLE DEMANDS ARE PLACED ON A SINGLE PERSON IN A SINGLE STATUS |
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| is a situation where an individual's social positions have both positive and negative influences on his or her social status. For example, a teacher may have a positive societal image (respect, prestige) which increases his or her status but may earn little money, which simultaneously decreases his or her status. |
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| ERVING GOFFMAN AND IMPRESSION MANGEMENT |
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| is the process through which people try to control the impressions other people form of them. It is a goal-directed conscious or unconscious attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event by regulating and controlling information in social interaction |
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HOLDS THAT SOCIAL INTERACTION INVOLVES TRADE IN VALUED RESOURCES
Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. For example, when a person perceives the costs of a relationship as outweighing the perceived benefits, then the theory predicts that the person will choose to leave the relationship. |
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| The basic idea of rational choice theory is that patterns of behavior in societies reflect the choices made by individuals as they try to maximize their benefits and minimize their costs. In other words, people make decisions about how they should act by comparing the costs and benefits of different courses of action. As a result, patterns of behavior will develop within the society that result from those choices. |
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| REFERS TO THE WAY SOCIETY IS ORGANIZED IN LAYERS OR STRATA |
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| developed out of the hundreds of stories Alger wrote during the 1800s. His books have been described as rags to riches stories. “By leading exemplary lives, struggling valiantly against poverty and adversity,” Alger’s protagonists gain both wealth and honor, ultimately realizing the American Dream. The characters in his formulaic stories improved their social position because of auspicious accidents as opposed to hard work and denial |
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| REFERS TO MOVEMENT UP OR DOWN THE STRATIFICATION SYSTEM |
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| It is the theory that a continual struggle exists between all different aspects of a particular society. The struggle that occurs does not always involve physical violence; it can point to an underlying struggle for each group or individual within a society to maximize its own benefits. The theory was founded by Karl Marx, and later developed by theorists including Max Weber. |
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| is a classification used in analyzing human societies to describe a social class of people. Historically, the bourgeoisie comes from the middle or merchant classes of the Middle Ages, whose status or power came from employment, education, and wealth, as distinguished from those whose power came from being born into an aristocratic family of land owners. In modern times, it is the class owning the means for producing wealth |
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| THE WORKING CLASS ACCORDING TO MARX MEMBERS OF THE Proletariat PERFORM PHYSICAL LABOR BUT DO NOT OWN THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION THEY ARE IN A POSITION TO EARN WAGES |
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| are things used by human labourers to create products. They include two broad categories of objects: instruments of labour (tools, factories, infrastructure, etc.) and subjects of labour (natural resources and raw materials). People operate on the subjects of labour, using the instruments of labour, to create a product; or, stated another way, labour acting on the means of production creates a product |
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| is consciousness of one's social class or economic rank in society |
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| people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them; and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation |
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| IS DETERMIONED BY ONES MARKET SITUATION |
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| GROUPS THAT DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN TERMS OF THE PRESTIGE OR SOCIAL HONOR THEY ENJOY AND IN TERMS OF TEIR LIFESTYLE |
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| (WEBER) ORGANIZATIONS THAT SEEK TO IMPOSE THEIR WILL ON OTHERS |
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| 1 THE OVERWHELMING MAJORRITY OF POOR PEOPLE ARE AFRICAN OR HISPANIC AMERICAN SINGLE MOTHERS WITH CHILDREN |
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| 2 people are poor because they dont want to work |
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| 3 POOR PEOPLE ARE TRAPPED IN POVERTY |
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| PERCEPTION OF CLASS INEQUALITY |
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| Functionalism focuses on the structure and workings of society. Functionalists see society as made up of inter-dependent sections which work together to fulfill the functions necessary for the survival of society as a whole. People are socialized into roles and behaviors which fulfill the needs of society. Functionalists believe that behavior in society is structural |
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| AN ATTITUDE THAT JUDGES A PERSON ON HIS OR HER GROUPS REAL OR IMAGINED CHARACTERISTICS |
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| UNFAIR TREATMENT OF PEOPLE DUE TO THEIR GROUP MEMBERSHIP |
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| COMPOSED OF PEOPLE WHOSE PERCEIVED CULTURAL MARKERS ARE DEEMED SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT ETHNIC GROUPS DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE RELIGION CUSTOMS VALUES... |
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| A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT USED TO DISTINGUISH PEOPLE IN TERMS OF ONE OR MORE PHYSICAL MARKERS USUALLY WITH PROFOUND EFFECTS ON THEIR LIVES |
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| A DISADVANTAGED PERSON OR CATEGORY OF PEOPLE WHOM OTHERS BLAME FOR THEIR OWN PROBLEMS |
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| A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO ARE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED ALTHOUGH THEY MAY BE IN THE NUMERICAL MAJORITY |
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| INVOLVES THE SPATIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SEPERATION OF RACIAL OR ETHNIC GROUPS |
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| THE PROCESS BY WHICH A MINORITY GROUP BLENDS INTO THE THE MAJORITY POPULATION AND EVENTIONALLY DISAPPEARS AS A DISTINCT GROUP |
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| THE INTENTIONAL EXTERMINATION OF AN ENTIRE POPULATION DEFINED AS A RACE OR A PEOPLE |
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| AN ASPECT OF ONES BIOLOGICAL MAKEUP THAT DEPENDS ON WHETHER 1 IS BORN MALE OR FEMALE AND A GENETIC PROGRAM THAT RELEASES EITHER MALE OR FEMALE HORMONES |
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| ONES SENSE OF BEING MALE OR FEMALE AND PLAYING MASCULINE OR FEMININE ROLES IN WAYS DEFINED AS APPROPRIATE BY ONES CULTURE AND SOCIETY |
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| THE SET OF BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH WIDELY SHARED EXPECTATIONS ABOUT HOW MALES OR FEMALES ARE SUPPOSED TO ACT |
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| A SCHOOL OF THOUGHT THAT SEES GENDER DIFFERENCES AS A REFLECTION OF BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN |
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| A SCHOOL OF THOUGHT THAT SEES GENDER DIFFERENCES AS A REFLECTION OF THE DIFFERENT SOCIAL POSITIONS OCCUPIED BY WOMEN AND MEN |
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| A SET OF IDEAS ABOUT WHAT CONSTITUTES APPROPRIATE MASCULINE AND FEMININE ROLES AND BEHAVIOR |
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| A PRACTICE THAT INVOLVES REWARDING MEN AND WOMEN DIFFERENTLY FOR THE SAME WORK |
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