Term
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Definition
| muscle,transfer of blood, size of fist, weighs <1 lbs |
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Term
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Definition
| in thorax, posterior to sternum, superior surface of diaphram, in mediastinum |
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Term
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Definition
| oblique position, apex(point) left and anterior, base is broad; posterior surface |
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Term
| 4 corners: superior right |
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Definition
| costal cartilage of 3rd rib joins sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| costal cartilage of 2nd rib, a fingers' breadth lateral to the sternum |
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Term
| 4 corners: inferior right |
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Definition
| costal cartilage of teh 6th rib a fingers breadth lateral to the sternum |
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Term
| 4 corners: inferior left point (apex) |
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Definition
| 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line |
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Term
| covering: paricardium consists of |
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Definition
-triple layer sac
-pericarditis(inflamation, creeking noise) |
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Term
| triple layer sac consists of |
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Definition
-fibrous paricardium
-serous pericardium |
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Term
| serous paricardium consists of... |
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Definition
-parietal layer
-visceral layer(erpicardium)
-pericardial cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| adheres to surface of fibrous pericardium |
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Term
| visceral layer(epicardium) |
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Definition
| lies on the heart, considered part of teh heart wall |
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Term
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Definition
| between the serous layers, contains serous fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| epicardium,myocardium,endocardium |
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Term
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Definition
-aka visceral layer of serous
-superficial layer |
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Term
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Definition
-cardiac muscle, contracts
-cells arranged in circular/spiral networks called bundles |
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Term
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Definition
| sheet of endothelium resting on thin CT layer, lines teh chambers and covers the valves |
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Term
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Definition
| -4chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
-singular=atrium
-blood comes into heart via atria
-walls are thinner than ventriles
-contract and push blood into ventricles simultaneously
-seperated by interatial septum (not permeable) |
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Term
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Definition
-are thicker(epecially left side)
-serperated by interventucular septum |
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Term
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Definition
-recieves systemic oxygen poor blood
-right auricle(external)
-2 portions of internal atrium
-opens into right ventricles
~ tricuspid (right atrioventicular(AV)) valve |
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Term
| right atrium: where does it revieve systemic oxygen poor blood |
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Definition
| superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus |
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Term
| right atrium: 2 portons of internal atrium |
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Definition
-posterior part
-anterior part
-seperated by crista terminalis |
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Term
| posterior part of the right atrium has |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior part of the right atrium has |
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Definition
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Term
| crista terminalis(seperates posterior and anterior parts) |
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Definition
| c- shpaed ridge important for locating sties where veins enter |
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Term
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Definition
-recieves blood from right atrium and pumps it to lings via pulmonary trunk then arteries
-forms most of anterior surface of heart(external)
-internal structiors |
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Term
| internal structures of the right ventricle |
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Definition
-trabeculae carneae
-papilary muscles
-chordae tendineae
-valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| right ventricle: trabeculae carneae |
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Definition
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Term
| right ventricles: papillary muscles |
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Definition
| cone-shaped muscles that project from wall |
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Term
| right ventricles: chordae tendineae |
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Definition
| project superiorly from papillary muscle to valve flaps of tricuspid valve |
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Term
| valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk |
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Definition
| pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Term
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Definition
-makes up most of base, recieves oxygen rich blood from lings via pulmonary veins (2 on right, 2 on left)
-auricle is external on anterior side
-pectinate muscles line auricle only; rest of both inside is smooth
-opens into left ventricle via the mitral (bicuspid, or left AV valve) |
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Term
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Definition
-forms apex of heart, pumps blood systemically
-simiar to right ventricle, with trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
-sends blood to body via aortic semilunar valve(aortic valve) |
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Term
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Definition
-AV valves
-semilunar valves-both have 3 cusps |
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Term
| valves of the heart: AV valves |
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Definition
-between artia nad ventricles (there are 2)
-right side valve is know as tricuspid, left AV, or mitral(bishop hat shape) |
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Term
| valves of teh heart: semilunar valves-both have 3 cusps |
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Definition
-between ventricles adn vessels leaving the heart (arteries)
-right side is between right ventricle adn pulmonary artery
-leftside is between left ventricle and aorta (aortic valve) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| atrial contraction followed by ventricle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| sound is made by valves when they close |
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Term
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Definition
| closing of AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| closing of semilunar valves at end of ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
-Made of dense CT
-Anchors valve cusps
-Prevents valves from opening too far
-Muscle insertion for cardiac bundles
-Blocks spread of electrical impulses directly from atria to ventricles |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart |
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Definition
-2 atria and 2 ventricles
-muscular double pump with two functions |
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Term
| blood flow through the heart: 2 atria |
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Definition
| recieving chambers of heart |
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Term
| blood flow though the heart: 2 ventricles: |
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Definition
| pumping chambers of heart |
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Term
| blood flow though the heart: muscular double pump functions |
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Definition
-pulmonary circuit
-systemic circuit |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| vessel that transport blood to and from body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
-SA node (sinoatrial)
-internodal pathway
-AV node (atrioventricular)
-Parasympathetic innervation
-Sympathetic innervation
-Atrioventricular bundle (formerly known as Bundle of His)
-Left/Right bundle branches
-Purkinje fibers (subendocardial branches) |
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Term
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Definition
-Considered the pacemaker, beats 70-80 bpm
-Located in superior/posterior wall of right atrium
-Produces signal that spreads electrical impulse across both atria
-Valves are open |
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Term
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Definition
| Some impulses spread through this area on the way to AV node |
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Term
| AV node (atrioventricular) |
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Definition
-Located at inferior aspect of interatrial septum
-Delays impulse so that atria contract first and ventricles finish filling |
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Term
| Atrioventricular bundle (formerly known as Bundle of His) |
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Definition
| Located in interventricular septum (top) |
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Term
| Left/Right bundle branches |
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Definition
| Branches from atrioventricular bundle, take signal to apex of heart |
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Term
| Purkinje fibers (subendocardial branches) |
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Definition
-Approach apex and turn into ventricular walls, located in between endocardium and myocardium
-Are special cells (Purkinje myocytes) that maximize signal conduction |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation |
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Definition
-SA and AV nodes, coronary arteries
-Vagus nerve branches (from neck and thorax) |
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Term
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Definition
-SA and AV nodes, cardiac muscle
-Cervical/upper thoracic spinal nerves |
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Term
| Blood Supply to/from Heart (1) |
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Definition
-Blood inside chambers doesn’t supply heart muscle itself
-Right and left coronary arteries branch off of aorta to serve heart |
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Term
| Coronary artery disease (CAD):Atherosclerosis |
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Definition
| fatty deposits accumulate in body’s arteries |
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Term
Coronary artery disease (CAD):
Arteriosclerosis |
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Definition
| hardening/loss of elasticity of the arteries for any reason (NOT the same as atherosclerosis) |
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Term
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) |
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Definition
| arteries supplying the heart are blocked or narrowed (consequence of atherosclerosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| chest pain due to low oxygen supply to heart muscles |
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Term
| Myocardial infarction (MI): |
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Definition
| heart attack; complete or prolonged coronary artery blockage (cardiac muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen) |
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Term
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Definition
| heart blood flow is interrupted, but there is no pain involved |
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Term
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Definition
-Weakening of the heart
-Congestive heart failure: heart enlarges and pumping efficiency decreases |
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Term
Conduction system disorders:
Arrhythmia |
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Definition
| variation from normal rhythm of heartbeat |
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Term
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Definition
-conduction system is disturbed
-Atrial fibrillation or Ventricular fibrillation |
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