Term
| circulatory system is composed of? |
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Definition
| Cardiovascular system and lymphatic system |
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Term
| cardiovascular system is composed of... |
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Definition
| blood, heart and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| heart -> arteries-> capillaries-> veins -> back to heart |
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Term
| what happens at the capillaries? |
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Definition
-nutrients and O2 exit the bloodstream
-CO2 and cellular waster enter bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
-8% of body mass
-connective tissue |
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Term
| how many liters of blood are in men and women? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two main components in blood composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| three parts of blood composition |
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Definition
-plasma
-Formed elements
-Hematocrit |
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Term
| what do the formed elements of bloof composition consist of? |
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Definition
buffy coat:
-leukocytes
-thrombocytes
Erythrocytes |
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Term
| what is the hematocrit (RBC) % in men and women |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| keep water in the bloodstream |
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Term
| plasma proteins: Globulin |
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Definition
| trasnport of iron, copper, and lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma protein involved in blood coagulaion |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma with out blood coagulation proteins |
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Term
| Fromed elements (blood cells): Erythrocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| formed elements (blood cells): platelets |
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Definition
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Term
| formed elements (blood elements): leukocyes |
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Definition
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Term
| where do the formed elements (blood cells) originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| life span of formed elements (blood cells) are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythrocytes (RBC)general |
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Definition
-small
-most numerous fromed element
~25 trillion in adults
-good measument tools
-live 100-120 days
-biconcave discs |
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Term
| Erythrocytes (RBC) in depth |
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Definition
-no nucleus or organelles(ex. mitochondria)
-surrounded by plasma membrane
-cytoplasm contains hemoglobin |
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Term
| ___% of erythrocytes that is not water is Hb |
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Definition
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Term
| _#__ amino acids chains per Hb molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| each amino acid has an ____ atom binding site for ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| amino acids also carry about ____% of teh CO2 thats carried in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-spherical
-kess numerous than RBCs
-disease defense
-bone marrow |
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Term
| what does the disease defense do for leukocytes (WBC) |
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Definition
function in loose connective tissue
- attracted by chemicals in areas of infection
- diapedesis ("leaping thorough")
- amoeboid motion (allow WBC to carry along) |
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Term
| what is the function of the bone marrow for leukocytes (WBC)? |
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Definition
| -releases WBC continuously into the blood -stores and releases WBCs in larger quantities during infections |
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Term
| leukocytes (WBC)2 groups; 5 types |
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Definition
-Granulocytes
* neurotrophils
* eosinophils
* basophils
-Arganulocytes
* lymphocytes
* monocytes |
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Term
| Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas |
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Definition
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
monocytes
Eosinphils
Basophils |
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Term
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Definition
-"neutral loving"
-most abundant WBC
-multiply lobe nucleus
-Granules
-consume and destroy bacteria
~ first line of defence in infection
~ phagocytosis
-pus
*3 section blob (picture) |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane sacs with digestive enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| dead neutrophils, other luekocytes, tissue debris and dead bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
-1-4% of all leukocytes
-found in the wall of the digestive tube
-2 lobed nucleus
-granules contain digestive enzymes
-alergic reactions:
~phagocytosis of allergens: consume allergerns, degrade histamine, stop reaction
-parasitic infections:
~ attach to parasites, release enzymes, digest & destroy
**looks like a old phone reciever |
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Term
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Definition
-0.5% of all leukocytes
-2 lobed nucleus
-Granules contain histomine and molecules secreted to mediate inflammation
*allergic response
* parasitic infections
Mast cells
Basophils |
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Term
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Definition
Early stages of inflimmation
Later stages of inflimmation |
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Term
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Definition
-20-45% of all leukocytes
-nucleus occupies the majority of the cell
~filled with chromatin
~typically spherical
~surrounding by a think layer of cytoplasm
-classified by size
-functions connective tissues
~ lymphoid
~ role in immunity
- most important cells of immune system
-each actgs against specific foreign molecule
-Antigen
** nucleus is a big dot |
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Term
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Definition
| any molecules enducing response from leukocyte |
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Term
classifications of lymphocytes:
T cells |
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Definition
-direct attack till dies, punch holes in membrane
-work on "alien" cells taht have nucleus, organelles |
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Term
classification of lymphocytes:
B cells |
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Definition
-differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies which bind to antigens and "flag" them for phagocytosis
-work on bacteria toxins |
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Term
classifications of lymphocytes:
natural killer cells |
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Definition
rapid attack before entire immune system response is generated
-duck, duck, goose analogy, goose "doesnt feel right" |
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Term
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Definition
-4-8% of WBC
-nucleus typically horseshoe or kidney shape
-more cytoplasm than lymphocytes
-can contain tiny granules(doesnt count as classif.)
-once in CT, they transform into macrophages
~phagocytic
~move by amoeboid motion
~ingest foriegn cells, molecules, tiny debris patricles |
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Term
| complete blood count (CBC) |
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Definition
-hematocrit
-hemoglobin
-concentration (per cubic centimeter)
*erythrocytes
*leukocytes
*platelets
-CBC with differential examines structural abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
-thrombocytes "clotting cells"
-disc-shaped fragments with plasma membrane
-limit bleeding
~plug tears in vessel walls
~signal using secretory granules
'more platelets
'vessel constriction
'initiate inflammation
- release thromboplastin-> clotting(fibrin)
-clot
-thrombus
-embolus |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrin, platelets, trapped blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| clot that develops and stays (can block vessel) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-hematopoiesis(to make blood)
-continues through life
-occures in RED bone marrow
~at birth all marrow is red
~ in adults, located in axial skeleton, girdles, proximal epiphysis of humerus and femur
~some cells in red marrow are mesenchymal stem cells (give rise to fat cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, muscle cells)
-yellow marrow contains fat cells
~only makes blood in emergency
~in adults, located in other regions of long bones
-basic framework of bone marrow= reticular CT |
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Term
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Definition
-blood cell formation occurs in stages
-all rises from the blood stem cell |
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Term
| the blood stem cell creates two cell types |
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Definition
-lymphoid stem cells
~give rise to lymphocytes
-myeloid stem cells
~give rise to all other blood cells |
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Term
| blood disorders: RBC disorders: polycythemia |
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Definition
-excess RBCs
-blood is too viscous(need dilution) |
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Term
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Definition
RBC or Hb levels are low
- cause by blood loss, iron deficiency, etc.
- symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath |
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Term
| RBC disorders: sickle cell disease |
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Definition
-defect in Hb causes it to crystallize if O2 low or RBCs dehydrate
-distort RBC shape
-bone and chest pain, stroke
-affects 1 in 400 african americans |
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Term
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Definition
-cancer from uncontrolled leukocytes formation
-cancer cells take over bone marrow, ruin normal blood cell production
~lymphoblastic
~myeloblastic
~acute
~chronic |
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Term
| WBC disorders:leukemia:lymphoblastic |
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Definition
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Term
| WBC disorders:leukemia:myeblastic |
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Definition
| immature cell from myeloid line |
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Term
| WBC disorders:leukemia: acute |
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Definition
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Term
| WBC disorders:leukemia:chronic |
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Definition
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Term
| WBC disorder: platelet disorder |
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Definition
-thrombocytopenia
~low concentration of platelets in blood
~internal bleeding, diminished clot formation
~can result from cancer treatment (chemo), bone marrow damage, etc.
~spleen is the organ that destroys platelets( and other blood cells) |
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