Peripheral Terminals

1. Embedded in _____ artery
2. In response to force, _______.

1. Carotid
2. Action potentials are generated in the perphery.
3. AP travels into CNS that causes release of glutamate onto neuronal network

Output of neuronal network

1. Parasympathetic neurons
2. Sympathetic neurons

1. Firing rate goes up when carotid artery baroreceptor firing rate goes up
2. Firing rate goes down when carotid artery baroreceptor firing rate goes up

1. Implant electrodes near peripheral terminals
2. Electrically stimulate them directly
3. High frequency of stimulation on the peripheral terminals will stimulate parasympathetic and inhibit sympathetic
4. Some patients= decrease in bp

1. Portion attached to periphery
2. Can put electrodes to record from peripheral stump to monitor firing rate in the peripheral stump

1. Part of nerve attached to CNS
2. Can put a stimulating electrode to electrically stimulate central stump

Capillaries

1. Diameter size
2. Wall permeability
3. Amount of exchange

1. Smallest diameter vessels
2. Permeable to water and small molecules
3. Tremendous amount of exchange between blood plasma and IS space

Blood Plasma

1. Intracellular/Extracellular?
2. ____ is dissolved in plasma
3. Critical to _____ pressure

1. Extracellular
2. A lot of proteins
3. Osmotic

Interstitial (IS) Fluid

1. Extracellular fluid not in specialized tubing
2. Bathes capillaries

Two types of Pressures

1. Blood Pressure (BP)
2. Osmotic Pressure (OP)
3. Balance between both

1. BP= ~25 mmHg, works to push water out of capillaries
2. OP equal in magnitude to bp (~25 mmHg), causes water to diffuse back into capillary (because concentration of proteins in plasma is higher than in IS fluid)
3. You want critical balance between force of bp pushing water out and op pushing water in

Define:

Respiration vs. Cellular Respiration

1. Respiration- refers to 5-step overall process of getting oxygen from atmosphere to cells and carbon dioxide from cells to atmosphere
2. Cellular Respiration- refers to las step in respiration process where cells utilize oxygen and produce carbon dioxide

1. Ventilation (breathing)= exchangeof air between atmosphere and alveoli, bulk flow of air. Pressure differentials are set up that influence movement of air
2. Exchange of O2 and CO2 in lungs between alveolar air and lung caps by diffusion
3. Transport of O2 (lung to body cells) and CO2 (body cells to lung) by blood via bulk flow
4. Exchange of O2 and CO2 near body cells between blood caps and body cells via diffusion
5. Cells use O2 and produce CO2 when glucose is broken down to make ATP= cellular respiration

1. Exchange of air: atmosphere and alveoli= ventilation
2. Exchange of O2/CO2 in lungs
3. O2 to body cells and CO2 to lung
4. Exchange of O2/CO2 between blood caps and body cells
5. Cells use O2 and produce CO2 during ATP production

1. Smallest region within the lung where air goes
2. Exchange takes place here between atmospheric air brought into the lungs and the lung capillaries