Term
| The PRIMARY reason of ORM is to avoid what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk Management is the process of what? |
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Definition
• Identifying
• Assessing
• Controlling risks |
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Term
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Definition
| The probability and severity of a potential loss that may result from hazards due to the presence of an enemy, adversary, or hazardous condition. |
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Term
| What are the two types of risk’s? |
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Definition
Tactical Risk
• Risk concerned with hazards that exist because of the presence of either the enemy or adversary.
Accident Risk
• All other risks other than tactical risks.
• Risks to the friendly foe
• Risks posed to civilians |
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Term
| Risk Assists the Commander in: |
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Definition
• Conserving lives and resources and avoiding unnecessary risk
• Making an informed decision to help make a COA
• Identify feasible and effective control measures
• Provide alternatives for mission accomplishment |
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Term
| Risk Management does not: |
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Definition
• Inhibit flexibility and initiative
• Remove risk altogether
• Require a Go/NO GO decision
• Justify violating the law |
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Term
| What are the principles of ORM? |
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Definition
• Accept no unnecessary risk
• Accept risks only when benefits outweigh cost
• Make risk decisions at the right level
• Anticipate and manage risk by planning |
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Term
| What is the ORM 5 step process? |
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Definition
• Identify hazard
• Assess hazards to determine risk
• Develop controls and make risk decisions
• Implement controls
• Supervise and evaluate |
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Term
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Definition
An actual or potential condition where the following can occur
• Injury, Illness, death of personnel
• Damage or loss of equipment or property
• Mission degradation |
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Term
| Explain Assess hazards to determine risk |
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Definition
Hazard probability
Likely, Probable, May, Unlikely
Hazard Severity
• Category I
The hazard may cause death, loss of facility/asset or result in grave damage to national interests
• Category II
The hazard may cause severe injury, illness, property damage, damage to national or service interests
• Category III
The hazard may cause minor injury, illness, property damage, damage to national or service interests
• Category IV
The hazard presents minimal threats to personal safety and health, property, national, service or command interests |
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Term
| In develop controls and make risk decisions, what are criteria for controls? |
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Definition
• Suitable
• Feasibility
• Acceptability |
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Term
| What are the six types of heat related injuries? |
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Definition
• Sunburn
• Prickly heat rash
• Fungus infections
• heat cramps
• heat exhaustion
• heat stroke |
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Term
| What are the symptoms and treatment for heat cramps? |
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Definition
• Muscle cramps
• Profuse sweating and faintness
TREATMENT
a) Give victim small sips of cool water
b) Get victim to a cool or shaded area
c) Get the victim medical attention |
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Term
| What are the symptoms and treatment for heat exhaustion? |
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Definition
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Pale, cool clammy skin
TREATMENT
a) Remove excessive clothing
b) Get victim to a cool or shaded area
c) Treat victim for shock |
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Term
| What are the symptoms and treatment for heat stroke? |
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Definition
• Shortness of breath
• Not sweating
• Skin hot and dry to the touch
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Dilated pupils
• Body temperature ranches from 104 to 108
TREATMENT
a) Send for medical assistance
b) Move Victim to a cool and shaded area
c) Loosen victims clothing
d) Apply water or ice
e) Do not attempt to force victim to drink
f) Ensure the airway remains open and that the victim continues to breath. |
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Term
| What are the types of Cold related injuries? |
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Definition
• Radiation – The loss of heat into the air.
• Frostbite – freezing of flesh
• Trench foot (immersion foot)
- Pale, wrinkled, loose, spongy, cold, swollen, and waxy skin on feet.
• Hypothermia |
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Term
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Definition
| A French word meaning “picking, sorting, or choice” is used to mean sorting or allocation of casualties according to a system of priorities. |
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Term
| What are the three categories for triage? |
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Definition
Urgent
• A severe injury
• Threatening to life, limb or eyesight
• Within 2 hours
Priority
• A injury that requires immediate medical attention, but is not life threatening
• Transportation and hospitalization may be delayed slightly
• 4- 6 hours
Routine
• An injury that is not life threatening to life
• Are transported last |
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Term
| What are the types of manual carry’s of casualties? |
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Definition
• Fireman’s carry
• Drag
• Two person rifle carry or pack carry
• Poncho drag
• Litter carry
• Improvised litters |
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Term
| What are the types of CASEVACS? |
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Definition
Ground
M997
- Hard back/High back
4 litters or 8 ambulatory
M1035
- Soft back/low back
2 litters or 3 ambulatory
Air
UH-1 Huey
- 6 litters or 10 ambulatory
CH-46E
- 15 litters or 22 ambulatory
CH-53
- 24 litters or 37 ambulatory
V22
- 12 litters or 24 ambulatory |
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Term
| What are the components of the Nine Line Casualty Evacuation Request? |
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Definition
1) Grid coordinates of pick up site ( 8 digit grid)
2) Radio Freq/ Net ID/Call Sign
3) Number of casualties by precedence
4) Special Equipment required
5) Number of casualties by type
6) Security at pick up site
7) Method of marking
8) Patient nationality
9) Casualty information/CBRN |
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Term
| What are the components of a Casualty Report? |
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Definition
1) Name, Grade, SSN, Unit
2) Time of incident
3) Location of incident
4) Type of wound
5) Location of wound
6) Casualty status
7) Casualty evacuation required?
8) Activity in which casualty engaged. |
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Term
| What are the lifesaving ABC’s? |
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Definition
A – Open the Airway
• Head, Tilt/Chin lift
B – Check for Breathing
• Give to rescue Breaths
• Look, listen, feel
C – Check for signs of Circulation
• Check for a pulse |
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Term
| What is the number one cause of preventable battlefield death? |
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Definition
Extremity Exsanguinations
The body contains 5 liters of blood
• 20% loss of blood will result in hemorrhagic shock.
• The human body can bleed out from anywhere from 60 – 120 seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
The procedure for determining what treat a victim requires.
1) Allows us to check rapidly the most vital functions
a. Determine the state of consciousness
b. Send for help
c. Positioning the victim on their back
d. Asses the basic life support ABCs.
Chest compressions rate:
1) 30 chest compression for every 2 breathes
a. Rate of 80/100 chest compressions per min
b. 5 cycles
i. Re-assess.
Rescue Breathing – If patient has a pulse i.e. circulation
1) 1 breath every 5 secs
a. 12 breaths per minute
b. Ra-asses after 2 minutes
SECONDARY SERVEY
1) Prepare the casualty for transport to the next level of care
2) Reassess all life threatening injuries and treatments |
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Term
| Head to toe assessment (DCAPBTLS): |
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Definition
D - Deformities
C – Contusions
A – Abrasions
P - Punctures
B - Burns
T - Tenderness
L - Lacerations
S – Swelling |
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Term
| What are the nine Diagnostic signs? |
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Definition
manifestations of changes in body function
1) Pulse
2) Respiration
3) Blood pressure
4) Temperature
5) Skin color
6) Pupils
7) LOC (level of consciousness)
8) Ability to move
9) Reaction to pain |
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Term
| What are the signs of shock? |
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Definition
• Sweaty but cool skin
• Pale skin
• Restlessness
• Thirst
• Loss of blood
• Confusion or loss of awareness |
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Term
| What is the treatment for shock? |
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Definition
• Move the casualty to cover
• Position the casualty on their back
• Elevate the feet higher than the level of the heart
• Loosen clothing
• Prevent chilling or overheating |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by blunt objects
• A contusion (bruise will commonly develop)
• Swelling and pain caused by blood leaking into the wound |
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Term
| What are the types of special wounds? |
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Definition
Avulsion
• An injury in which a whole piece of skin is either torn loose completely or left hanging as a flap.
Crushing
• Are contusions that are more severe, as the underlying skeletal support is also damaged.
Amputation
• A separation of either digits or limbs from the victim’s body. |
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Term
| What are the three types of bleeding? |
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Definition
Arterial
- The flow of blood that is bright red ( due to oxygen content)
- Pumps out in a distinct spurts
- Alarmingly profuse
Venous
- A steady flow of blood that is dark red or maroon colored
- Much easier to control than arterial bleeding
Capillary
- Slow oozing of blood from minor wounds |
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Term
| What are the types open wounds? |
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Definition
Abrasion
• A loss of a portion of the epidermis and part of the dermas from it being rubbed or scraped across a hard surface.
• Subject to infection
Laceration
• A cut that leaves a jagged wound on the skins surface and cut through the subcutaneous tissue, the underlying muscles, associated nerves and blood vessels.
Incision
• Similar to a laceration except the wound will be somewhat be cleaner – n jagged edges.
Puncture wounds
• Result from a pointed object or knife etc. Important not to remove object and to immobilize the object so not to cause further damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a detained person as defined in articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva Convention. It is one who, while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the armed forces of the enemy |
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Term
| Define Other Detainee (OD) (detainees): |
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Definition
| Individuals who are in custody of the US Armed Forces but who have not been classified as an EPW. |
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Term
| What are the Initial actions upon capture of an EPW/Detainee? |
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Definition
5 S’s and a T
1) Search
2) Silence
3) Segregate
4) Safeguard
5) Speed
6) Tag |
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Term
| What are the three types of searches? |
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Definition
Hasty search
• Searcher quickly searches the EPW looking for any obvious weapons and/or documents and equipment
Detailed search
• A more thorough search
• Conducted in a secure location
• Before transport of the EPW
• Lined up facing a wall, prone position, or the push up position
Strip search
• Performed by removing all clothing and objects from EPW
• An in-depth search
• Performed by only qualified personnel
- Medical officer
- HUMINT/CI personnel |
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Term
| What are the components of an EPW search team? |
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Definition
1) Cover man
• Providing protection for the individual who is conducting the search of the EPW
• Is armed and positions himself in a position so that he never has the search man between him and the EPW
• Approximately 4-6 feet from the search man
• Never takes his eyes off EPW
2) Search man
• 90 degree offset from the cover man |
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Term
| What is the Task Organization of the rifle company? |
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Definition
• Led by a company commander
• Consists of three rifle platoons
• A weapons platoon
• A HQs Co |
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Term
| Rifle Company billet descriptions |
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Definition
Company Commander
• Carries out the orders of the company commander
• Responsible for training and employment of his unit
• Responsible for the moral, discipline and welfare
Executive Officer
• Ensures that the company is trained in accordance with Marine Corps standards
• Proficient with all personal and crew served weapons in the company
• Acts as the platoon commander for all HQs personnel
Company First Sergeant
• Principle enlisted assistant to the commander
• May be any MOS background
• Keeps appraised of all policies of the commander
• Disseminates information to the unit’s enlisted personnel regarding policies
Company Gunnery Sergeant
• Senior enlisted Marine in the rifle co – advises the company commander
• Discipline, appearance, control, welfare of the company
• Technical and Tactical adviser
• Supervises the embarkation and debarkation |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the offense? |
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Definition
• Destroy enemy forces , equipment and resources
• Disrupt Enemy actions or preparations
• Deceive and divert the enemy
• Deprive the enemy of terrain relevant to his object
• Fix the enemy in place
• Gain information on the enemy |
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Term
| What are the four types of offensive operations? |
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Definition
Movement to contact
• To gain or regain contact with the enemy
Attack
• A coordinated movement, supported by fire, conducted to defeat, destroy or capture the enemy.
Exploitation
• Follows a successful attack and s designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.
• Prevents the enemy from disengaging, withdrawing and reestablishing an effective defense.
Pursuit
• To catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape with the aim of destroying it. |
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Term
| What are the eight types of attacks? |
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Definition
Hasty
• In which preparation time is traded for speed to exploit a fleeting opportunity
Deliberate
• Characterized by pre-planned and coordinated employment of firepower and maneuver to close with and destroy the enemy.
Spoiling
• Seriously impair a hostile attack while the enemy is in the process of forming or assembling an attack
Counterattack
• Conducted to regain lost ground, destroy enemy advance units and to wrest (squeeze) the initiative from the enemy.
Feint
• A limited objective attack made at a place other than that of the main effort with the aim of distracting the enemy away from the main effort.
Demonstration
• A show of force. Aim to deceive the enemy.
Reconnaissance in Force
• A deliberate attack with the intent to obtain information and to locate and test the enemy disposition, strengths and reactions.
Raid
• A penetration of hostile territory for a specific purpose other than seizing and holding terrain. |
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Term
| What are the six forms of offensive maneuver? |
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Definition
Frontal Attack
• Main action is directed against the front of the enemy forces.
• Least preferred method
Flanking Attack
• Directed at the flank of the enemy
Envelopment
• The Attacker bypasses the enemy’s principle defensive positions to secure objectives to the enemy’s rear.
• Done so the enemy does not have time to reorient his defenses
Turning Movement
• Where the attacker passes around the enemy’s principle defensive positions to secure objectives deep in the enemy’s rear. (different from envelopment in that the turning force operates at such a great distance from the fixing force that mutual support is unlikely)
Infiltration
• A maneuver where forces move covertly through or into the enemy area to attack positions in the enemy’s rear.
Penetration
• The attacking force seeks to rupture the enemy’s defense on a narrow front to disrupt the defensive system. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the defense? |
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Definition
• To defeat an enemy attack
• To force the enemy to reach his culminating point without achieving his objectives
• To rapidly gain and maintain the initiative for friendly forces
• To create opportunities to shift to the offense |
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Term
| What are the types of defensive operations? |
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Definition
Position defense
• The bulk of the defending force is disposed in selected tactical positions where the decisive battle is to be fought.
Mobile defense
• The defense of an area or position in which maneuver is used together with fire and terrain to seize the initiative from the enemy |
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Term
| What are the 7 forms of Defensive Maneuver? |
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Definition
• Battle position
• Strongpoint
• Sector
• Reverse slope
• Perimeter
• Linear
• Non linear |
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Term
| What are the types of attacks? |
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Definition
Hasty
• In which preparation time is traded for speed to exploit a fleeting opportunity
Deliberate
• Characterized by pre-planned and coordinated employment of firepower and maneuver to close with and destroy the enemy. |
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Term
| What are the Principles of War (MOOSEMUSS)? |
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Definition
• Mass
• Objective
• Offensive
• Security
• Economy of force
• Maneuver
• Unit of command
• Surprise
• Simplicity |
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Term
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Definition
• S-2
o Provide information on the terrain and the enemy
• S-3
o Submit list of targets to support leaders recon
o Submit list of targets to support attack
- Confirm locations and mission of adjacent units, supporting units
- CASEVAC assets
- Fire support
• S-4
o Request logistics to complete mission
- Ammo, water, chow, equipment
• S-6
o Get updated CEOI and challenges/passwords
o Fills and timing |
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Term
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Definition
- A small, leadership-heavy reconnaissance patrol that will operate close in proximity to the enemy.
- Gain information on the Enemy and Terrain |
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Term
| What considerations should you make when choosing a support by fire position? |
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Definition
• Located at the enemy’s frontage
• Direction of fire should ideally be located 90 degrees offset from the maneuver element’s direction.
• Should have cover and concealment |
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Term
| What are the two ways to occupy a site? |
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Definition
Stealth
• Enemy does not observe the occupation
Force
• The enemy observes the occupation, or they currently occupy the planned position.
• Commences the attack usually |
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Term
| What TCM’s should you plan for during the recon? |
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Definition
• Boundary
• AA
• Atk Pos
• LD
• Checkpoint
• Phase line
• Release point
• Target Reference Point
• Aslt Pos
• Objective
• Limit of advance
• Linkup point |
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Term
| What should the Commander supervise during the preparatory phase? |
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Definition
• Rehearsals
• Pre-combat checks
• Pre-combat Inspections |
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Term
| What formations can you use for movement to the objective? |
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Definition
• Column
- Provides the best speed and control
- Ideal for night operations
• Wedge
- Provides good speed and control
- Used when the enemy situation is uncertain
• Echelon
- Slow and difficult to control
- Provides excellent security
• Vee
- Slow and difficult to control
- Security is strong to the flanks
- Used when the enemy is to the front
• Line
- Slowest and most difficult to control
- Strong security to the front
- Used once oriented on the enemy |
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Term
| What are the typical rates of fire used by the support by fire position? |
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Definition
• Sustained
- Average suppression and conserves ammunition
- One round on target every 5 seconds
- Will not overheat weapons
- Default rate of fire
• Rapid
- Provides more suppression
- Uses double the ammunition
- Cause weapons to overheat and malfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
| A coordinated effort to defeat an attack by an opposing force and prevent it from achieving its objective. |
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Term
| Why are defensive operations conducted? |
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Definition
• Gain time
• Retain key terrain or deny a vital area to the enemy
• Counter surprise action by the enemy
• Economize force, allowing combat power to be concentrated elsewhere
• Increase the enemy’s vulnerability
• Attrite or fix the enemy as a prelude to offensive operations
• Prepare to resume the offensive |
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Term
| What are the fundamentals of the defense? |
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Definition
• Knowledge of the enemy
• Maneuver
• Preparation
• Mass and Concentration
• Flexibility
• Offensive action
• Use of terrain
• Surprise
• Defense in depth
• Mutual support |
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Term
| What are the two types of defense? |
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Definition
- Hasty Defense
- Normal organized while in contact with the enemy or when contact is imminent and time available for organization is limited.
- Deliberate Defense
- Normally organized when not in contact with the enemy or when contact is not imminent and time for organization is available.
- Includes fortifications, strong points |
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Term
| Explain Mass and Concentration. |
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Definition
| - Concentrate forces and fires at the decisive places IOT succeed while exercising economy of force. |
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Term
|
Definition
- Be flexible enough to deal with different enemy courses of action.
- Have different contingency plans
- Supplementary and alternate positions |
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Term
|
Definition
| - The platoon commander seeks every opportunity to take offensive action. |
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Term
|
Definition
- Exploit every aspect of terrain and weather to his advantage
- Visualize the enemy avenue of approach
- Defend on terrain that maximizes effective fire power, cover, concealment, movement and surprise. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Defensive positions are located in such a way that the enemy cannot attack one position without coming under fire from at least one other. |
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Term
| Explain defense in depth. |
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Definition
| - The positioning of mutually supporting defensive positions throughout the battle space to absorb and progressively weaken an enemy attack. |
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Term
|
Definition
- The defense must achieve surprise.
- Must employ every means to mislead the enemy as to the true location and as to the strength and disposition of forces |
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Term
| What are the types of defensive operations? |
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Definition
• Position defense
- The bulk of the defending force is disposed in selected tactical positions where the decisive battle is to be fought.
• Mobile defense
- The defense of an area or position in which maneuver is used together with fire and terrain to seize the initiative from the enemy |
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Term
| What are the forms of defensive maneuver? |
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Definition
• Battle Position
- A defensive position oriented on the most likely enemy avenue of approach from which a unit may defend or attack.
• Strongpoint
- Designed to deny the enemy certain terrain as well as the use of an avenue of approach
• Sector
- Is a company, or a large unit, control measure that provides the most freedom of action to the platoon
• Reverse-slope
- A slope which descends away from the enemy
• Perimeter
- Oriented in all directions
• Linear
- Allows interlocking and overlapping observation and fields of fire across the unit’s front
• Non-linear
- Mostly decentralized and dynamic position
- Exclusively enemy oriented and is not well suited for retaining terrain. |
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Term
| What is the sequence for planning a defense? |
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Definition
1) Identify enemy like avenue of approach
2) Determine enemy schemes of maneuver
3) Determine where to kill the enemy
4) Emplace weapon systems
5) Plan and integrate obstacles
6) Plan and integrate indirect fires
7) Conduct EA rehearsal |
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Term
| What factors are utilized in direct fire planning? |
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Definition
• Employment considerations
• Sectors of fire
• Principle directions of fire
• Final protective fires
• Target reference Points
• Trigger lines
• Engagement criteria
• Target precedence |
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Term
| What are the four tactical obstacle effects? |
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Definition
• Disrupt – cause the enemy to break up formation and temp, interrupt the sequence of their attack, and cause the enemy to commit breaching assets early.
• Turn – divert the enemy toward an avenue of approach which facilitates the defensive SOM
• Fix – Obstacles and fires strive to slow the enemy within the engagement area
• Block – Stop the enemy along a specific avenue of approach or prevent from passing through the engagement area. |
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Term
| What factors are considered for fire support planning? |
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Definition
• Long range fires
• Close in fires
• Final Protective Fires |
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Term
| What are the three types of wire obstacles? |
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Definition
• Protective – designed to protect friendly fighting areas
• Tactical- obstructed to achieve the desired effect for a given location
• Supplementary – designed to conceal tactical wire obstacles |
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Term
| What are the three types of defensive positions? |
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Definition
• Primary – the best available position for an individual or crew served weapon to accomplish the desired mission.
• Alternate – positions located so that individuals and crew served weapons can continue to accomplish the assigned mission when the primary position is unsuited to carry out the mission
• Supplementary- prepared to guard against attacks from directions other than those from which the main attack is expected. |
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Term
| Characteristics of the M2 50cal: |
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Definition
• Sustained Rate of Fire < 40 rpm
• Rapid Rate of Fire 40 rpm or more
• Cyclic Rate of Fire 450-550 rpm
• Max Range – 7400 meters
• Maximum effective range – 1830 meters
• Grazing Fire – 700 meters
• Tracer Burnout – 900 Meters |
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Term
| Types of Ammunition for the M2 50cal: |
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Definition
• Blank
• Ball
• Tracer
• Incendiary
• Armor Piercing
• Armor Piercing Incendiary
• Armor Piercing Incendiary Tracer
• Sabot Light Armor Penetrator
• Sabot Light Armor Penetrator Tracer |
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Term
| Characteristics of the MK 19: |
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Definition
• Sustained Rate of Fire : 40 rpm
• Rapid Rate of Fire : 65 rpm
• Cyclic Rate of Fire : 325 – 375 rpm
• Maximum Range – 2212 meters
• Maximum Effective – 1500 meters
• Minimum Safe distance (training) – 310 meters
• Minimum Safe Distance(combat) – 75 meters |
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