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| an international conference on the whole Moroccan question, led to a diplomatic revolution; purpose of the conference was to find a solution to the First Moroccan Crisis between France and Germany, which arose as Germany attempted to prevent France from establishing a protectorate over Morocco. |
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| Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg |
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| a chanchellor; gave Austria-Hungary a blank check |
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| British poet; wrote of the Somme offensive "I am staring at a sunlit picture of hell" |
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| wrote All Quiet on the Western Front |
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| returning to Germany after the war, he was haunted by the horrors he had seen; vivid expressionist masterpiece probes the tormented memory of the war |
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| Jewish industrialist; convinced the German government to set the War Raw Materials Board to ration and distribute raw materials; under his direction every material was rationed and inventoried |
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| famous autobiography is Testament of Youth - an antiwar autobiography; an army nurse; leader in the feminist campaign |
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| led the republican senators; refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles without changes in the articles creating the Treaty of Nations |
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| foremost Arab leader; direct descedant of the prophet Muhammad; chief magistrate of Mecca, governed much of the Ottoman's Empire's territory along the Red Sea; refused call for holy war against the Triple Entente; won vague British commitments for an independant Arab kingdom; revolted against the Turks & made himself king of the Arabs |
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| led Arab tribesmen and Indian soldiers in a highly successful war against the Turks; joined forces with Hussein |
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| the 1916 secret agreement b/t Britain and France that divided up the Arab lands of Lebanon, Syria, southern Turkey, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq |
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| father of modern Turkey; a military man and sympathetic to the Young Turk movement |
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| anti British amir; declard a holy war on the British government in India and won complete independence for the first time; decreed revolutionary reforms; a ruler of Afghanistan; was inspired by Mustafa Kemal; looked to Europe for models of reform and modernization |
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| a Jewish collective farm on which each member shared equally in the work, rewards, and defense of the farm |
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| a 1916 alliance b/t Hindus leading the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League |
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| a local English commander; banned all public meetings on the Sikh religious day; marched his native Gurkha troops into mass of people k and killed them -known as the Amritsar Massacre |
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| loosely translated as "Soul Force"; which Ghandi believed was the means of striving for truth and social justice thru love, suffering, and conversion of the oppressor |
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| aristocrat who led the radical nationalists; pushed thru the National Congress a resolution calling for virtual independence within a year |
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| wrote The Principles of the People; decided to ally his Nationalist Party, or Guomindang, with Communist Third International and the newly formed Chinese Communisty Party |
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| converted Marxism; began his revolutionary career as an urban labor organizer; his first experiment in peasant revolt was the Autumn Harvest of Uprising of September |
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| "financial combines"; giant conglomerate firms in Japan |
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| a French philosophy professor; argued that immediate experience and institution was just as important as rational and scientific thinking for understanding reality |
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| a French socialist; characterized Marxism socialism as an inspriring but unprovable religion rather than a scientific truth; believed socialism would come to power through violent strike of working people |
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| an Austrain philosopher; who spent most of his life at Cambridge, is primarily responsible for postulation; wrote Tractus Logico-Philosophicus (Essay on Logical Philosophy) |
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| a French existentialist; thought human beings just existed and that man is condemned to be free |
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| the 1923 that ended the Turkish war and recognized the territorial integrity of a truly independent Turkey |
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| Danish religious philosopher; responsible for the revival of fundamental Christian belief; made a commitment to a remote and majestic God |
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| a Polish-born physicist; worked with husband and discovered that radium constantly emits subatomic particles and thus does not have a constant atomic weight |
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| German physicist; showed that subatomic energy is emitted in uneven little spurts which he called quanta |
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| German-born Jewish genius; theory of special relativity; time and space are relative; speed of light in constant; undermined Newtonian physics |
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| French novelist; wrote his semi-autobriographical Remembrance of Things Past; tried to discover the innermost meaning of his childhood memories as he withdrew from the present to dwell in the past |
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| Irish novelist; publised Ulysses |
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| wrote The Decline of the West; he argued that every culture experiences a life of growth and decline |
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| wrote The Trial and The Castle; portray helpless individuals crushed by inexplicably hostile forces |
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| an Englishman; wrote 1984; witnessed the nightmarish reality of the Nazi State and its Stalinist counterpart |
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| led the Chicago school of architects; used cheap steel, reinforced concrete, and electric elevators to build skycrapers and office buildings lacking almost any exterior ornamentation |
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| profoundly influenced 20th century painting; committed to form and ordered design; abstract and nonrepresentational work; dimensional plane |
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| founded cubism; 1st great cubism work was Les Demoiselles d'Avignon; sought to create a new visual reality and provoked a revolutionary upheaval in art |
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| composed The Rite of Spring |
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| funny Englishman working in Hollywood; king of the silver screen; symobolized the gay spirit of laughter in a cruel, crazy world |
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| invented the transatlantic wireless communication; radio became possible; developed the vacuum tube |
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