Term
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Definition
| number the same for all race; melanin produced in a melanosome |
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Term
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Definition
| has no pigment and white hair |
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Term
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Definition
| low body temp; can lead to mental confusion, lethargy, unconsciousness. If core temp drops too much = death. intentionally introduced for certain types of sugery (heart, brain, spinal cord) |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms from clot and dried fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular extensions of melanocytes extend up between cells, passing pigment granules to cells |
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Definition
| bundle of smooth muscle attached to hair follicle when contracted, causes goosebumps and hair to "stand" |
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Term
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Definition
| low hemoglobin- bluish skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ridges between dermis and epidermis |
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Term
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Definition
| the white part at base of the nail |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Epidermis- 5 layers, older layers develop keratin, protein, and harden
Dermis- contains collagen & elastic fibers in gel-like matrix, smooth muscle cells, nerve cell processes, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)- adipose tissue insulates, no boundary between dermis and hypodermis, major blood vessels serve skin |
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Term
| 5 layers of the epidermis |
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Definition
| Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale |
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Term
| How is hair color determined? |
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Definition
the type and amount of pigment
dark hair- much eumelanin
red/blond- have pheomelanin
Albino- no pigment |
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Term
| Name/describe the layers of the hair shaft |
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Definition
Medulla- inner 2-3 rows of cells with pigment and air space
Cortex- middle part of elongated cells-pigment in dark hair, air in white hair
Cuticle- single outer layer of flat, keratinized cells that overlap like shingles |
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Term
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Definition
Location-neck, face and chest
Function- moistens hair and waterproofs skin
Secretes- fats, cholesterol, proteins, salts, and cell debris (sebum)
usually connected to the hair follicle |
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Term
| Eccrine Glands (sweat glands) |
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Definition
Location-palms and soles of feet (emotional stress)
Secrete- mostly water and some salts and waste
Function-produce sweat in response to heat and physical activity (neck, forehead, and back)
carried by duct to a pore |
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Term
| Apocrine Glands (sweat glands) |
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Definition
Secretes odor due to bacterial activity
Duct opens to hair follicle
Active during emotional stress, pain, and sexual excitement
Location- armpits, groin, around nipples |
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Term
| Ceruminous glands (modified sweat glands) |
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Definition
| secrete ear wax (cerumen) |
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Term
| Mammary Glands (modified sweat glands) |
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Definition
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Term
| How is body temperature regulated? (to lower) |
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Definition
| Physical activity causes muscles to release heat; heat is carried away by blood; warmed blood reaches hypothalamus; dermal vessels dilate and deep vessels constrict; body heat is lost to surroundings (radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation) |
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Term
| How is body temperature regulated? (to raise) |
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Definition
| dermal vessels constrict, skeletal muscles contract slightly; muscle groups contract rhythmically (shivering) |
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Term
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Definition
| superficial partial-thickness; injures only epidermis, heals quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| deep partial-thickness; destroys some epidermis and dermis; fluid from damaged capillaries forms blisters; skin usually recovers without scars (unless infection) |
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Term
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Definition
| full thickness; destroys epidermis, dermis, accessory organs; treatment may involve autograft, homograft, or skin substitute |
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Term
| What determines skin color? |
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Definition
| Genetics, environment, and physiological factors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Cavity in diaphysis containing yellow marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane lining medullary canal and other internal surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane covering bone (look on slide #7 for details) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Immature bone-forming cells that secrete collagen, matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| mature bone cells, maintain |
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Term
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Definition
| destroy bone for development, growth, repair |
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Term
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Definition
| (cancellous) trabeculae with lots of space filled with red marrow-found at ends of long bones and inside short, flat, irregular bones |
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Term
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Definition
| (dense) continuous matrix with no gaps that provides protection and support-forms external layer of all bones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| connects lacunae to each other and to central canal |
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Term
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Definition
| soft spots-still membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyaline cartilage remains between epiphysis and diaphysis, responsible for long bone growth |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cell formation in red marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| growth in thickness; bone lining medullary canal is destroyed by osteoclasts in endosteum; osteoblasts from periosteum add new bone to outer surface |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of bone mass, particularly trabeculae |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones of head, neck, trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| bones of arms and legs, pelvic and pectoral girdle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Found: spongy bone of skull, pelvis, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae
Blood cell production |
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Term
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Definition
Found: fat and medullary canal
energy storage |
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Term
| Endochondral Ossification |
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Definition
| formation of bone in hyaline cartilage; most bones |
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Term
| Intramembranous Ossification |
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Definition
occurs directly in connective tissue membranes
Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicles |
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Term
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Definition
| Closed fracture; does not break skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 vitamins are needed for proper bone function and what does each do? |
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Definition
Vitamin D- needed for proper calcium absorption
Vitamin A- osteoblast and osteoclast activity
Vitamin C- collagen synthesis |
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Term
| Physical Stress stimulates bone ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the larges bone of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shin bone called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone in the neck that does not articulate with other bones? |
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Definition
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