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Definition
| requiring organic food from the environment; these organisms cannot produce their own organic molecules and thus obtain organic food from other organisms |
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Definition
| a tough, nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that forms the external skeleton of many insects ande cell walls of fungi |
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Definition
| microscopic, branched filaments of the body of a fungus |
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Definition
| a fungal body composed of microscopic branched filaments known as hyphae |
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Definition
| cross walls; examples include the cross walls that divide the hyphae of most fungi into many small cells and the structure that separates the old and new chambers of a nautilus |
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Definition
| the fusion of the cytoplasm between two gametes |
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Definition
| the process of nuclear fusion |
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Definition
| the occurence of two genetically distinct nuclei in the cells of fungal hyphae after mating has occured |
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Definition
| the visible fungal reproductive structures that are composed of densely packed hyphae that typically grow out of the substrate |
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Definition
| associations between the hyphae of certain fungi and the roots of plants |
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Definition
| the mutualistic assocation between particular fungi and certain photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria. this association results in a body form distinctive from that of either partner alone |
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Definition
| in animals, the act of taking food into the body |
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Definition
| the assocation of many cells of the same type, for example, muscle tissue |
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Definition
| two or more types of tissue combined to perform a common function |
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Definition
| different organs that work together to perform an overall function in an organism |
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Definition
| a succession of rapid cell divisions with no significant growth that produces a hollow sphere of cells called a blastula |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal embryo at the stage when it forms an outer epithelial layer and an inner cavity |
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Definition
| in animals, a process in which an area in the blastula invaginates and folds inward, creating different embryonic cell layers called germ layers |
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Definition
| having two distinct germ layers--ectoderm and endoderm but not mesoderm |
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Definition
| having three distinct germ layers--endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm |
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Definition
| an architectural feature in which the body can be divided into symmetrical halves by many different longitudinal planes along a central axis |
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Definition
| an architectural feature in which the body or organ of an organism can be divided along a vertical plane at the midline to create two halves |
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Definition
| in animals, the outermost layer of cells formed during gastrulation that covers the surface of the embryo and differentiates into the epidermis and nervous system |
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Definition
| in animals, the innermost layer of cells formed during gastrulation; lines the gut and gives rise to many internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| in animals, a layer of cells formed during gastrulation that develops between the ectoderm and endoderm; gives rise to the skeleton, muscles, and much of the circulatory system |
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Definition
| a small opening created when a band of tissue invaginates during gastrulation. it forms the primary opening of the archenteron to the outside |
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Definition
| animals that lack a fluid-filled body cavity |
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Definition
| an animal with a pseudocoelom |
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Definition
| an animal with a true coelom (a fluid-filled body cavity) |
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Definition
| animals whose development exhibit spiral determinate cleavage and in which the blastospore becomes the mouth; includes mollusks, annelid worms, and arthopods |
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Definition
| an animal whose development exhibits radial, indeterminate cleavage and in which the blastopore becomes the anus; includes echnioderms and vertebrates |
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Definition
| Phylu Porifera; mostly marine with only a few freshwater species; PARAZOA = no true tissues |
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Term
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Definition
part of EUMETAZOA = true tissues; examples include jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, coral animals; have a stinging cell that functions in defense or the capture of prey
marine organisms with true tissues, radial symmetry, diploblastic |
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Term
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Definition
| in certain invertebrates such as cnidarians, body cavity with a single opening to the outside; it functions as both a digestive system and circulatory system |
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Definition
| part of Lophotrochozoa; bilateral organisms that are triploblastic ; inhabit moist environments including aquatic environments, soil, and the bodies of host organisms |
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Definition
| in animals, an individual that can produce both sperm and eggs |
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Definition
| have a cuticle, must molt. |
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Definition
| snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids; protostomes, coelom, muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle; inhabit marine environments, but some species inhabit freshwater and damp soil environments |
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Definition
| earthworms and leaches; inhabit marine, freshwater, and damp soil environments |
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Definition
| trilobites, spiders, centipedes, millipedes, insects, crustaceans; exoskeleton, jointed appendages, most go through metamorphosis |
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Term
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Definition
| when hard covering splits and the soft cuticle underneath tends to expand and harden. occurs in nematodes and arthopods |
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Term
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Definition
| in arthopoda. have an exoskeleton, triploblastic tissues, bilateral symmetry, first organisms to show complete digestive sytem. underwater. |
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Definition
| triploblastic tissues, bilateral symmetry, first organisms to show complete digestive sytem. spiders. |
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Term
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Definition
| triploblastic tissues, bilateral symmetry, first organisms to show complete digestive sytem. GREATER SPECIES DIVERSITY THAN ALL OTHER FORMS OF LIFE COMBINED. |
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Definition
| sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea lillies, sea cucumbers, sea daisies; most are sessile or sedenty marine organisms, radial adults, endoskeleton, tissues and triploblastic |
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Definition
| a defining characteristic of all chordate embryos; consists of a flexible rod that lies between the digestive tract and the nerve cord |
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Term
| dorsal, hollow nerve chord |
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Definition
| in many chordates, the structure that extends from the anterior cell to the tail |
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Term
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Definition
| a defining characteristic of all chordate embryos. in early-diverging chordates, they develop into a filter-feeding device, and in some advanced chordates, they form gills |
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Definition
| a defining characteristic of all chordate embryos; consists of a tail of variable length that extends posterior to the anal opening |
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Definition
| the defining characteristic that distinguishes craniates from nonvertebrate chordates |
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Definition
| a derived feature of chordates and vertebrates |
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Definition
| the skeleton on many hagfishes |
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Definition
| a relatively hard component of the vertebrate skeleton; a living dynamic tissue composed of organic molecules and minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| in vertebrates, a group of embryonic cells derived from ectoderm that disperse throughout the embryo and contribute to the development of the skeleton and other structures, including peripheral nerves |
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Definition
| a vertebrate animal having four legs or leglike appendages |
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Definition
| a type of egg that produced by amniotic animas that contains the developing embryo and the four separate extraembryonic membranes that it produces: the amnion, the yolk sac, the allantois, and the chorion |
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Definition
| a member of the mammalian order Monotremata, which consists of three species found in Australia and New Guinea: the duck-billed platypus and two species of echidna |
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Definition
| a member of a group of seven mammalian orders and about 280 species found in the subclass Metatheria |
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Definition
| the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environments |
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Definition
| plant or animal species introduced into an area where they do not occur naturally, non-native species. |
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Term
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Definition
| a meaningful relationship between two variables |
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Definition
| habitat in which the organism is adapted |
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Term
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Definition
| local variations of the climate within a given area |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which short-wave solar radiation passes through the atmosphere to warm the Earth but is radiated back to space as long-wave infrared radiation. Much of this radiation is reflected by atmospheric gases back to Earth's surface, causing its temperature to rise |
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Term
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Definition
| a gradual elevation of the Earth's surface temperature caused by an increasing greenhouse effect |
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Definition
| precipitation with a pH of less than 5.6; results from the burning of fossil fuels |
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Definition
| an area on the side of a mountain that is sheltered from the wind and experiences less precipitation |
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Definition
| the prevaling weather pattern of a given region |
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Term
| exponential population growth |
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Definition
| continually increasing growth, where growth is unchecked. Not limited by resources. |
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Term
| logistic population growth |
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Definition
| the pattern in which the growth of a population typically slows down as it approaches the carrying capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| (K) the upper boundary for a population size |
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Term
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Definition
| a reproductive pattern in which organisms produce all of their offspring in a single reproductive event |
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Term
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Definition
| the pattern of repeated reproduction at intervals throughout an organism's life cycle |
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Term
| density-dependent factors |
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Definition
| a mortality factor whose influence increases with the density of the population |
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Term
| density-independent factors |
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Definition
| a mortality factor whose influence is not affected by changes in population density |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure through which humans and other eutherian mammals retain and nourish their young within the uterus via the transfer of nutrients and gases |
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Definition
| a part of the study of population ecology that focuses on interactions such as predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism |
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Definition
| an interaction that affects two or more species negatively, as they compete over food or other resources |
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Definition
| an interaction in which the action of a predator results in the death of its prey |
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Definition
| refers to herbivores feeding on plants |
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Definition
| a symbiotic association in which one organism feeds off another but does not normally kill it |
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Definition
| a symbiotic interaction in which both species benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| an interaction that benefits one species and leaves the other unaffected |
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Definition
| the phenomenon in which two species occur together but do not interact in any measurable way |
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Definition
| "fit" into environment; use of and interactions with abiotic and biotic resources in environment |
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Definition
| the proposal that two species with the same resource requirements cannot occupy the same niche |
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Definition
| the differentiation of niches, both in space and time, that enables similar species to coexist in a community |
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Definition
| the tendency for two species to diverge in morphology and thus resource use because of of competition |
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Definition
| the resemblance of an organism (the mimic) to another organism (the model) |
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