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Exam 3 notecards
a bunch of chapters
34
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2010

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Term
Hydrothermal Vents
Definition
Submerged opening where hot, mineral-rich water streams out
Term
Protocells
Definition
Membranous sacs that contain interacting organic molecules
Term
RNA world
Definition
Hypothetical early interval when RNA served as the material of inheritance
Term
Endosymbiosis
Definition
One species lives inside another
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
Organism that encloses its DNA in a nucleus; a protist, plant, fungus, or animal
Term
Ozone layer
Definition
Atmospheric layer with a high concentration of ozone that prevents much UV radiation from reaching earth's surface
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
Single-celled organism in which the DNA resides in the cytoplasm; a bacterium or archaean.
Term
Stromatolites
Definition
Dome-shaped structures composed of layers or prokaryotic cells and sediments; form in shallow seas
Term
Plasmid
Definition
Of a prokaryote, a small ring of chromosomal DNA with a few genes
Term
Prokaryotic conjugation
Definition
One prokaryotic cell transfers to another
Term
Prokaryotic fission
Definition
Method of asexual reproduction in which one prokaryotic cell divides and forms two identical descendant cells
Term
Strain
Definition
A subgroup within a species that has a characteristic trait or traits
Term
Archaea
Definition
Prokaryotic domain most closely related to eukaryotes; many members live in extreme enviroments.
Term
Bacteria
Definition
Most diverse prokaryotic domain
Term
Decomposer
Definition
Organism that breaks organic material down into its inorganic subunits
Term
Extreme halophile
Definition
Organism that lives where the salt concentration is high.
Term
Extreme thermophile
Definition
Organism that lives where the temperature is very high
Term
Methanogen
Definition
Organism that produces methane gas as a metabolic by-product
Term
Nitrogen fixation
Definition
Process of combining nitrogen fas with hydrogen to form ammonia
Term
Normal flora
Definition
Collection of microorganisms that normally live in or on a healthy animal or person
Term
Pathogen
Definition
Organism that infects another organism and causes disease
Term
Vector
Definition
Animal that transmits a pathogen between its hosts
Term
Contracile vacuole
Definition
In freshwater protists, an organelle that collects and expels excess water
Term
Flagellated protozoan
Definition
Member of a heterotrophic lineage of protists that have one or more flagella
Term
Foraminiferan
Definition
Heterotrophic protist that secretes a calcium carbonate shell
Term
Pellicle
Definition
Layer of proteins that gives shape to many unwalled, single-celled protists
Term
Plankton
Definition
Community of tiny drifting or swimming organisms
Term
Protist
Definition
A eukaryote that is not a fungus, plant, or animal
Term
Algal bloom
Definition
Population explosion or single-celled aquatic organisms such as dinoflagellates
Term
Apicomplexan
Definition
Parasitic protist that enters and lives inside the cells of its host
Term
Bioluminescent
Definition
Able to use ATP to produce light
Term
Ciliate
Definition
Single-celled, heterotrophic protist with many cilia
Term
Dinoflagellates
Definition
Single-celled, aquatic protist typically with cellulose plates and two flagella; may be heterotrophic or photosynthetic
Term
Water mold
Definition
Heterotrophic protist that forms a mesh of nutrient-absorbing filaments.
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