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Definition
| An abstract representation, description, or definition that serves to designate a class or catagory of things |
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Term
| Category-Specific Deficit |
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Definition
| An inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category while leaving the ability to recognize objects outside the category undisturbed |
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Definition
We make category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances in the category See a four-legged animal that might be a wolf or a coyote, but reminds you of you friends german shepard. You figure it's a dog and keep walking. Categorized this animal into "dog" because it bore resemblance to dogs you know. Good EXEMPLAR of the category "dog" |
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Definition
| We make decisions by determining how likely something is to happen, judging the value of the outcome, and then multiplying the two |
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Definition
| Items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occured more frequently |
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Definition
A fast and efficient strategy that may facilitate decision making but does not garuntee that a solution will be reached -shortcut such as availability bias -mental shortcuts, rules of thumb |
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Definition
| A well-defined sequence of procedures or rules that guarentees a solution to a problem |
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Definition
| When people think that two events are more likely to occur together than either individual event |
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| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Definition
| Making a probability judgement by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event |
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Definition
When people give different answers to the same problem depending on how the problem is phrased Telling someone a drug has a 70% effectiveness rate (they are impresse) or Telling someone a drug has a 30% failure rate (They think it is too risky, or harmful) |
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Definition
When people make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation Buy tickets to concert for $100, the day of the concert it is raining you could either -Spend $100 and go to the concert and be miserable for hours -Spend $100 and be comfortable at home $100 is gone no matter what but you feel obligation to go because you spent the money |
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Definition
| People choose to take on risk when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains |
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Term
| Frequency Format Hypothesis |
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Definition
Our minds evolved to notice how frequently things occur, not how likely they are to occur |
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Term
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Definition
A process of searching for the means or steps to reduce differences between the current situation and the desired goal -Analyze goal -Analyze the current state -List differences between the current state and the goal state -Reduce list of differences by -direct means -Generating a subgoal -Finding a familiar problem that has a known solution |
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Term
| Analogical Problem Solving |
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Definition
| To solve a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution and applying that solution to the current problem |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to perceive the functions of objects as fixed |
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