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Definition
a) major fuel store
b)constitute membranes
c) solubalize nonpolar substance in bodily fluids
d) important signaling molecules |
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Definition
Alkyl chain with a terminal carboxyl group R-COOH
Most alkyl chains have an even number of carbon atoms. |
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| Fatty Acids structure include |
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| Numerical Formulas of Fatty Acids |
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| What is Triacylglycerols? |
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nThree fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone |
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nOn a weight basis, pure TAG yields ..........times more ATP than pure glycogen |
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Definition
nOn a weight basis, pure TAG yields 2.5 times more ATP than pure glycogen |
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nTAGs can be stored without or with associated water??? |
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Definition
nTAGs can be stored without associated water, thus decreasing the storage weight. |
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| How many gm of lipid do normal adults eat per day?? |
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Definition
| Adults ingest 60-150 gm of lipid/day |
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| What are components of lipids that normal adults consume per day? |
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Definition
nTriacylglycerols constitute 90% of dietary fat.
nOther 10% are phospholipids, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and free fatty acids. |
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| Compared to other Lipoprotein classes, HDL: |
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Definition
- Has highest density
- Has the most protein
- Has lowest triacylglycerol
- Has highest amount of phospholipids
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| Compared to other Lipoprotein classes, Chylomicron: |
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- Has the most triacyglycerol
- Has the lowest density
- Has the lowest amount of free cholesterol
- Has the lowest amount of cholesterol ester
- Has the lowest amount of phospholipids
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| Compared to other Lipoprotein classes, LDL: |
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Definition
- Has highest amount of cholesterol ester
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Liver and Intestine generate HDL to: |
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Definition
Deliver cholesterol to the liver for elimination |
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Intestine generate Chylomicron |
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Definition
Deliver dietary TAG to peripheral tissues |
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Definition
Deliver de novo TAG to peripheral tissues |
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Fatty acid synthesized from |
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Definition
- excess carbohydrate
- amino acids
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Definition
- FA assembled into TAGs, packaged into VLDL, secreted into the blood stream
- VLDL and chylomicrons are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase ApoC-II, activates binding
- products (FA&glycerol) taken up reassembled to TAG (adipose), or used as fuel (muscle)
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| Lipid Transport in Fasted State |
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| Fatty Acid Biosynthesis occurs in???? |
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| Palmitic acid (C16H32O2) is first synthesized from |
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Definition
- carbohydrate intermediates
- amino acids
- other fatty acids.
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| All other fatty acids are made by modification of |
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| What is formula for palmitic acid??? |
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| Which provides all the carbons for FA synthesis in two carbon units??? |
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Definition
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Acetyl CoA provides all the carbons for FA synthesis in how many carbon units??? |
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Definition
nAcetyl CoA provides all the carbons for FA synthesis in two carbon units. |
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| Sequence of reactions in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis is carried out by ???? |
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Definition
| Sequence of reactions in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis is carried out by fatty acid synthase |
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| Transfer of acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis by what pathway? |
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Definition
| Transfer of acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis by citrate cleavage pathway |
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| Transfer of acetyl CoA from where to where for fatty acid biosynthesis by citrate cleavage pathway |
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Definition
| Transfer of acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis by citrate cleavage pathway |
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| Transfer of what from mitochondria to cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis by citrate cleavage pathway |
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Definition
| Transfer of acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytosol for fatty acid biosynthesis by citrate cleavage pathway |
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| In Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase requires: |
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Definition
1 molecule of ATP and HCO3
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| In Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is |
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Definition
–Key control point for fatty acid synthesis |
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| In Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: |
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| Which activates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis? |
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Definition
•Dephosphorylation activates Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase |
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Definition
is a multienyme polypeptide composed of 2 identical subunits |
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nPalmitoyl-ACP acted on by .............to produce palmitic acid |
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Definition
nPalmitoyl-ACP acted on by thioesterase to produce palmitic acid |
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| Characteristics of Fatty Acyl Synthase |
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Definition
- It is essential, but not rate limiting
- Not subject to short term control
- All activities on a single contiguous protein
- In animals, the synthase is active only as a dimer
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The stoichiometry for conversion of acetyl-CoA to palmitate requires .....ATP |
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Definition
The stoichiometry for conversion of acetyl-CoA to palmitate requires 7 ATP |
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nTypes of Modifications of other Fatty Acid |
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Definition
qElongation of Fatty Acids
qDesaturation of Fatty Acids
qHydroxylation of Fatty Acids |
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Elongation of Fatty Acids occurs in |
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Occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria |
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qDesaturation of Fatty Acids occurs in |
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Definition
nOccurs in endoplasmic reticulum |
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qHydroxylation of Fatty Acids occurs in |
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Definition
nOccurs in mitochondria of many tissues
nOccurs in tissues of the nervous system where long chain fatty acids are needed (C22 and C24) |
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