Term
| Key point of normal development = |
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Definition
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Term
| Sequence of acquisition of postural control/balance (3) |
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Definition
1. Sagittal plane (flex/ext; fwd prot ext = 1st)
2. Frontal plane (lateral)
3. Transverse plane (rotation) |
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Term
| Direction of development (2) |
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Definition
cephalic to caudal
proximal to distal |
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Term
Body synergies >> dissociated motor patterns/individual mvmts -
examples (3) |
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Definition
reciprocal kicking >> reciprocal walking (cortical control)
reach c UE s LE mvmt
neonate individual non-purposeful mvmt >> purposeful individual mvmt |
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Term
| Key point of abnormal development = |
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Definition
| absence of variability/adaptability |
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Term
| Abnormal development: sequential development of postural control lingers in ______ plane |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal development: Delayed righting/equilibrium reactions in ______ plane |
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Definition
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Term
| Abnormal development: direction of development, categories of abnormal development (3) |
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Definition
lack of inhibitory control (exaggerated reflexes)
persistence of synergistic motor patterns (no half-kneel)
inability to execute selective mvmt |
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Term
| Abnormal development: appears definitively when child assumes... |
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Definition
| upright postures (sx severity incr though CNS is stable) |
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Term
| Normal prone development (4) |
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Definition
antigravity ext
extended arms
dissociation (hd & shldr)
weight shifts |
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Term
| Abnormal prone development - hypertonia |
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Definition
extensor hypertonicity OR flexor synergies (REALLY flex or ext)
ATNR persists
indwelling thumb persists
shldr elevation & poor shldr girdle stability (move as 1 unit)
scores well on standardized exams up to 4 mos (AIMS) |
|
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Term
| Abnormal prone development - hypotonia |
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Definition
inability to lift head
**hinging** (capital ext; no chin tuck)
shldr elev & poor shldr girdle stability
poor dissociation |
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Term
| Normal supine development |
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Definition
flex against gravity
midline orientation
knees/feet up
hands to feet
bridging in play |
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Term
| Abnormal supine development - hypertonia |
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Definition
ant pelvic tilt
retr of UE & sh girdle
postural asymmetry persists (ATNR)
lateral spine curvature |
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Term
| Abnormal supine development - hypotonia |
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Definition
poor antigravity flex (no midline hands)
LE = excessive FABER
poor abdominal control
may develop extensor hypertonicity (3 yo) |
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Term
| Extensor hypertonicity >> |
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Definition
poor proprioception
decr reaching
poor hand/eye coordination |
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Term
| Normal sidelying development |
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Definition
Lateral righting (C-spine, trunk)
Mm balance to maintain sidelying (abs + back ext)
Head in midline
Arms to midline (playing) |
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Term
| Abnormal sidelying development |
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Definition
no lateral righting (>> no roll)
no mm balance (flop btwn stomach/back)
incr cervical/trunk ext (hypertonia) |
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Term
| Normal rolling development |
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Definition
intially initiated by pushing into ext (4mos)
segmental rolling c lateral head righting bilat (6mos) |
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Term
| Abnormal rolling development - hypertonia |
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Definition
supine to prone: push through ext >> flop
prone to supine: harder (push c 1 UE & flip to back; difficult to stay in prone) |
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Term
| Abnormal rolling development - hypotonia |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal sitting development |
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Definition
pelvis perpendicular
prop sitting, high guard (5-6mos)
coordinated flex/ext @ hips/trunk
protective ext & equilibrium rxn (7-8mos)
PTS c active flex by 5-6mos (c active chin tuck)
varied positions |
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Term
| Abnormal sitting development - hypotonia |
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Definition
lack of ext against gravity (no trunk ext >> slowed spinal development)
trunk fwd, c hinging
wide abd at hips for stability)
PTS: head lag into 1st year |
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Term
| Abnormal sitting development - hypertonia |
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Definition
premature spinal ext c high guard
sit on sacrum (tight HS)
PTS: helps using flexor tone and co-contraction (no mm balance) goes straight to standing |
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Term
| Abnormal sitting development (older child) |
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Definition
patterns change c age
W sitting (compensation for lack of mobility/stability)
tight hip/back ext >> post pelvic tilt (sacral sitting) |
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Term
| Normal creeping development |
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Definition
lat wt shift in prine/sitting
lat trunk righting
stability in wide BOS (FABER)
trunk rotation, equilibrium rxns >> narrow suport
**dissoc of LEs >> recip creeping |
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Term
| Abnormal creeping development - hypertonia |
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Definition
commando crawling
bunny hopping (spastic diplegia) |
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Term
| Abnormal creeping development - hypotonia |
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Definition
poor trunk control (swayback)
transition via W sit
very delayed; >1 yo |
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Term
| Hemiplegic creeping compensation |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal standing development |
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Definition
supported standing c wide BOS
rotation components in standing
indep amb c wide BOS
pelvic rotation emerges
half-kneel >> PTS
refining balance/posture (variability) |
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Term
| Abnormal standing development - hypertonia |
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Definition
PF; WB exclusively on ball of foot
FADIR at hips (crouched posture)
poor BOS
CoM not over BOS
no dissoc (no half-kneel) |
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Term
| Abnormal standing development - hypotonia |
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Definition
WB on heels c toe flex & DF
abd/ER BOS
excessive pronation (WB on medial foot)
no active hip ext/pelvic control |
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Term
| Normal horizontal suspension (Landau) |
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Definition
antigravity ext
antigravity alignment
variety mvmt of UE/LE |
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Term
| Abnormal horizontal suspension - hypertonia |
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Definition
incr ext of entire body (very stiff)
NO variable mvmt of UE/LE |
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Term
| Abnormal horizontal suspension - hypotonia |
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Definition
poor antigravity trunk/neck ext
little mvmt of UE/LE |
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Term
| Normal protective extension development |
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Definition
forward mvmt of both UEs
head midline
normal progression (fwd >> lat >> back) |
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Term
| Abnormal protective extension development |
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Definition
poor antigravity alignment
delay/absent fwd mvmt of arms to floor (e.g. 1 UE, not both) |
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Term
| Keys to normal v abnormal development (3) |
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Definition
VARIABILITY of mvmt
Mm TONE
ANTI-GRAVITY mvmt |
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