Term
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Definition
| loss of memory from the point of injury or trauma froward, or the inability to form new long-term memories |
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Term
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Definition
| the memory for events and facts related to one's personal life story |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of certain kinds of information to enter long-term memory with little or not effortful encoding |
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Term
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Definition
| the changes that take place in the structure and functioning of neurons when a memory is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the retrieval of memories in which those memories are altered, revised, or influenced by newer information |
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Term
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Definition
| a graph showing a distinct pattern in which forgetting is very fast within the first hours after learning a list and then tapers off gradually |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory due to the passage of time, during which the memory trace is not used |
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Term
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Definition
| (explicit) type of long-term memory containing information that is conscious and known |
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Term
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Definition
| spacing the study of material to be remembered by including breaks between study periods |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for decay, assuming that memories that are not used will eventually decay and disappear |
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Term
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Definition
| auditory sensory memory, lasting 2-4 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to access a visual memory for 30 seconds or more |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of transferring information from STM into LTM by making that information meaningful in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage systems |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to process information into memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for memory of information to be improved if related information (such as surroundings or physiological state) that is available when the memory is first formed is also available when the memory is being retrieved |
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Term
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Definition
| type of declarative memory containing personal information not readily available to others, such as daily activities and events |
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Term
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Definition
| type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event |
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Term
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Definition
| visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to retrieve memories form much before age 3 |
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Term
| information-processing model |
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Definition
| model of memory that assumes the processing of information for memory storage is similar to the way a computer processes memory in a series of three stages |
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Term
| levels-of-processing model |
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Definition
| model of memory that assumes information that is more "deeply processed," or processed according to its meaning rather than just the sound or physical characteristics of the word or words, will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| (LTM) the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| an active system that receives information form the senses, puts that information into a usable form, and organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage |
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Term
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Definition
| physical change in the brain that occurs when a memory is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of misleading information presented after an event to alter the memories of the event itself |
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Term
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Definition
| (implicit) type of long-term memory including memory for skills, procedures, habits, and conditioned responses. these memories are not conscious but are implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior |
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Term
| parallel distributed processing model |
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Definition
| (PDP) a model of memory in which memory processes are proposed to take place at the same time over a large network of neural connections |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than the information that follows |
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Term
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Definition
| memory problem that occurs when older information prevents or interferes with the learning or retrieval of newer information |
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Term
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Definition
| type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be "pulled" from memory with very few external cues |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information better than the information that precedes it |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact |
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Term
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Definition
| getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus for remembering |
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Term
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Definition
| memory problem that occurs when newer information prevents or interferes with the retrieval of older information |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backwards, or loss of memory for the past |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input |
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Term
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Definition
| type of declarative memory containing general knowledge, such as knowledge of language and information learned informal education |
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Term
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Definition
| model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than concepts that are not highly related |
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Term
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Definition
| the very first stage of memory, where raw information form the senses is held for a very brief period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information |
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Term
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Definition
| (STM) the memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used |
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Term
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Definition
| holding on to information for some period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| an active system that processes the information in short-term memory |
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