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Definition
| A systematic set of symbols and signs with learned and shared meanings |
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| The ability to create an infinite range of understandable expressions from a finite set of rules. |
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| The ability to refer to events or ideas beyond the immediate present. (Displaced domains= past, future, fantasy, and fiction) |
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| The smallest unit of sound in a language. |
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| The smallest unit of meanings in a language. |
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| Totality of morphemes in a language. |
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| Study of meanings or words, phrases, sentenses: metaphors |
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| The language you speak determines the way you see the world. Language constructs reality. |
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Definition
| study of language in a social context. |
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Culture determines language.
-Gender, age, social class, ethnicity, religion, occupation.
-ex: kallawaya |
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Definition
| Figures of speech in which linguistic expressions are taken from one area of experience abd applied to another. |
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Definition
| A set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups. |
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Definition
Black English Vernacular (BEV)
Them Children
Oakland School System Response |
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Term
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Definition
Subdivision of linguistics that studies language over time.
Ex: Bantu migration
Language Loss |
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| What does Globaliztion reduce? |
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Definition
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Definition
| A set of social relations to organize labor and resources for production |
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Definition
| Using up goods and money. |
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Definition
| Transfer of goods and money. |
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Definition
| The mutual exchange of goods and services (informal). |
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Definition
| The collection and reallocation of goods and services by a central authority. |
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Definition
| In a market economy, the use of price (money) for buying and selling goods and services. |
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Term
| What are the modes of production through time and space? |
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Definition
| Foraging, Horticulture, Agriculture, Pastoralism, and Industrialism |
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Term
| What is horticulture as a mode of production? |
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Definition
| Farming with manual labor. |
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Term
| What is agriculture as a mode of production? |
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Definition
| Nonindustrial system of plant cultivation characterized by continuous and intensive use of labor and land. |
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Term
| What is pastoralism as a mode of production? |
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Definition
| Relying on domesticated herd of animals for subsistence. |
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Term
| How is division of labor characterized by in foraging? |
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Definition
| Age and gender. (sexual division of labor) |
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Term
| How are property relations characterized by in foraging? |
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Definition
-Little to no concept of personal property
-Exchange governed by generalized reciprocity. |
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Term
| How is social relations characterized in foraging? |
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Definition
-exogamous "band" societies
-egalitarian (social equality) |
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Term
| How is the potential for sustainability characterized in foraging? |
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Definition
| Marginal environments. (social relationship is more important than an object) |
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Term
| How is the division of of labor characterized in horticulture? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is property relations characterized in horticulture? |
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Definition
| "use rights" rather than private ownership |
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Term
| How is social relations characterized in horticulture? |
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Definition
-Kinship and marriage control rights of access to land and labor
-High degrees of social equality and communalism EXCEPT for the potential issue of the status of women
-Generalized and balanced reciprocity |
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Term
| How is labor characterized in agriculture? |
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Definition
| Intense need for human labor. |
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Term
| How is property relations characterized in agriculture? |
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Definition
| Sedentary exsistence; more likely to have private ownership. |
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Term
| How is social relations characterized in agriculture? |
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Definition
-Growth in population; requires more societal regulation
-Greater social distance=negative reciprocity |
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Term
| How is the potential for sustainability characterized in agriculture? |
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Definition
| Significant environmental effects; reduction of ecological diversity (monocropping) |
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Term
| What are the two types of pastoralism? |
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Definition
| Nomadism and Transhumance |
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Term
| How is labor characterized in pastoralism? |
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Definition
-age and gender
-women as low status; polygyny |
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Term
| How is property relations characterized in pastoralism? |
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Definition
| Land is territory; animals are capital |
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Term
| How is social relations characterized in pastoralism? |
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Definition
-Potential for social inequality based on differential animal ownership
-herd animals subject to raiding=negative reciprocity |
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Term
| What did industrial capitalism result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What comprises Industrial Capitalism? (3) |
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Definition
| Industrial Agriculture. Industrialism- Manufacture. Informatics-Service |
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Term
| How is division of labor characterized in Industrialism and Post-Industrialism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is property relations characterized in Industrialism and Post-Industrialism? |
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Definition
| Private ownership; extreme wealth difference and access to capital |
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Term
| How is social relations characterized in Industrialism and Post-Industrialism? |
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Definition
| Extreme social inequality. |
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Definition
| cultural universal with no universal definition |
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Term
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Definition
| The prohibition against having sex with certain categories of kin |
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Definition
| Formal and informal means of collective action and social control |
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Definition
| Unit of social organization among foragers; group of related people who forage together |
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Definition
| Social organization of horticulture and pastoralists |
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Definition
| A permanent politcal structure with a defined territory under the leadership of a chief; surplus food production required. |
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Definition
| An independent sociopolitical system which possess a bureacracy which administers a territory; founded on intensive agriculture |
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| Two ways of tracing kinship |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ways of tracing relatedness |
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Term
| Another word for "blood" relatives. |
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Definition
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Term
| Another word for "in-laws". |
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Definition
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Definition
| a woman’s share of the family in heritage that she got at the time of her marriage. |
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Definition
| When a potential groom comes and lives with bride’s family to earn her hand in marriage. They hunt. They’re supposed to bring the meat. |
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Term
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Definition
| The wealth (livestock, money, land, and any other forms of property) given by a grooms family to the brides family to compensate them for the loss of her labor power and reproductive capacity. (she works and has babies) |
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Term
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Definition
| Believe that they are all related to the same ancestor but they couldn't tell you how. |
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Definition
Marriage within the cultural group.
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Definition
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Definition
| Foraging and Industrialized |
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Term
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Definition
| Horticulturalists and Pastoralists |
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Term
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Definition
more than one wife
-Need for labor = status differences |
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Term
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Definition
-Us and foragers
-Ego-centered kin networks
-All-inclusive |
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Term
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Definition
-Small-scale farmers and pastoralists
-Unilineal descent groups: lineage and clan
-exclusive |
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Term
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Definition
| Trace membership in kin groups through mother. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trace membership in kin groups through father. |
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Term
| Who practices matrilineal descent? |
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Definition
| Trobriand Islanders (most famous), Hopi, Waluguru. |
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Term
| Who practices patrilineal descent? |
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Definition
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