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Exam 2
Digestion/Nutrition
63
Biology
Not Applicable
02/24/2008

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Term
herbivores
Definition
animals that eat plants
Term
carnivores
Definition
animals that eat other animals
Term
omnivores
Definition
animals that eat plants AND animals
Term
ruminants
Definition
animals with stomach chambers with cellulose digesting bacteria
Term
cecum
Definition
cellulose-digesting bacteria
Term
coprophagy
Definition
passing food through twice; eating feces
Term
glottis
Definition
opening from larynx to trachea
Term
epiglottis
Definition
flap of tissue that covers respitory tract when eating
Term
gizzard
Definition
rocks muscular chamber that breaks down food in birds
Term
crop
Definition
food storage chamber in birds
Term
enzymes end in
Definition
-ase
Term
substrates end in..
Definition
-ose
Term
Gastic ulcer/Duodenal ulcer
Definition
over production of gastric juices that a hole in the lining
Term
zymogens
Definition
enzymes released by duodenum
Term
enzymes released by duodenum
Definition
trypsin, amylase, lipase
Term
acini
Definition
cells that secrete digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
Term
jaundice
Definition
bile(produced by liver) is blocked and accumulates in blood; stains tissues yellow
Term
bile salts
Definition
dispenses fat into smaller droplets through emulsification
Term
gallstones
Definition
hardened cholesterol that blocks bile duct in gall bladder
Term
chylomicrons
Definition
triglycerides + protein
too bulky to enter capillary system, so enters lymphatic capillaries
Term
3 types of digestion
Definition
1)intracellular(phagocytosis) 2)incomplete 3)complete
Term
food breakdown in mouth
Definition
mechanical(teeth), chemical(amylase, mucins)
Term
Mucins
Definition
binds food together
Term
amylase
Definition
breaks down starch
Term
Purpose of gall bladder
Definition
stores bile produced by liver
Term
pancreas
Definition
produces enzymes and bicarbonate
Term
Pancreatities
Definition
enzymes leak into abdomenal cavity and digest organs
Term
parts of small intestine
Definition
duodenum(dissimilation) > jejunum(absorption) > ilium(absorption)
Term
Hydrochloric acid buffer
Definition
CO3
Term
Lymph system
Definition
stores fat, transports to heart via sub clavia; fat FORMS SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
Term
peristalsis
Definition
movement of food; smooth muscle tissue
Term
chyme
Definition
creamy, acidic mixture that goes from stomach > small intestine
Term
Liver
Definition
secretes bile salts/pigments, lecithin and cholesterol
Term
villi
Definition
contain microvilli that absorb amino acids and monosaccharides through epithelian surface
Term
purpose of large intestine
Definition
reaborbs water and dissolved ions
Term
Fiber
Definition
faster movement, more bulk, more cellulose, longer digestive tract, less chance of colon cancer
Term
essential vitamins, etc.
Definition
body cannot produce, depend on foods
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
stores fat
Term
Leptin
Definition
controls appetite and meditates bone growth
Term
helicobactor pylori
Definition
causes stomach ulcers
Term
salmonella
Definition
contaminated/unclean food
Term
E.coli 0157 H7
Definition
hemorrhagic strain
Term
bivrio vulnificus
Definition
raw fish, hemorrhaging
Term
vibrio cholerae
Definition
Cholera; poor sanitation, fecal matter in food/drink
Term
giardia lambia
Definition
beaver fever
Term
schistomiasis
Definition
round worm; locates in hepatic portal system
Term
diarrhea
Definition
gets rid of parasites
Term
parietal cells
Definition
secrete HCl in stomach
Term
neck cells
Definition
secrete mucous which protects stomach wall from acid
Term
chief cells
Definition
secretes pepsin in the form of pepsinogen(activates with HCl)
Term
chief cells
Definition
secretes pepsin in the form of pepsinogen(activates with HCl)
Term
glucose+glucose
Definition
maltose
Term
glucose+fructose
Definition
sucrose
Term
glucose+galactose
Definition
lactose
Term
Product of starch
Definition
maltose
Term
Product of fat
Definition
fatty acis +glycerol
Term
Product of proteins
Definition
smaller polypeptides
Term
brush borders
Definition
wall of microvilli in s (epitheal wall)
Term
VLDL
Definition
carry newly synthesized triglycerol from liver to adipose tissues
Term
portal system
Definition
capillary beds that take amino acids from s.intestine to liver
Term
rumen
Definition
cows regurgitated food
Term
ileocecal valve
Definition
allows food from s.intestine to l.intestine
Term
Exercise affect on glucose
Definition
lowers glucose and insulin levels; uses built up glucagon
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