Term
|
Definition
| -azotemia w/ dec concentrating ability |
|
|
Term
| Is BUN a good indicator for GFR? |
|
Definition
-NO, TERRRIBLE
-heavily influenced by diet |
|
|
Term
| Is Creatinine a good indicator for GFR? |
|
Definition
-better
-lower in young dogs, stabilizes around 1y, dec w/ age
***GFR & Cr have a logarithmic relationship |
|
|
Term
| What is the best use of Cr as an indicator of GFR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best method of measuring GFR directly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of CKD in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis? |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of CKD in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis of unknown cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PU/PD
-GI signs
-lethargy, weakness
-neuro signs
-wt loss
-poor hair coat
-oral ulcers
-dehydration
-small irregular kidneys
-blindness
-ascites/SQ edema
-bleeidng |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on CBC w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we see on Chem w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
-inc BUN/Cr
-inc Phos in late CKD
-variable K levels
-variable Ca |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on UA w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
-isothenuria
-dilute urine w/ azotemia
-proteinuria
-pyuria and/or bacteriuria |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on imaging w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
-small, irregular kidneys
-cysts w/in kidneys |
|
|
Term
| How does hyperparathyroidism occur w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
| -Ca levels are kept normal at the expense of inc PTH |
|
|
Term
| What additional CS will we see w/ CKD due to hyperparathyroidism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe dietary management of CKD. |
|
Definition
-restricted protein, phos, sodium
-supplemental K, alkali, omega 3 FA |
|
|
Term
| Why is phos restriction more important than protein restriction w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
-slows/stops secondary hyperparathyroidism
-GFR improved
-survival times longer |
|
|
Term
| In addition to diet change, how can we control phos w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
-aluminum hydroxide
-ca-containing phos binders: ca carbonate, ca acetate
-chitosan |
|
|
Term
| What drugs do we give to protect stomach w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
-H-2rc antagonists: Famotidine
-proton pump inh: omeprazole (BETTER) |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat inc renal BP in CKD cases? |
|
Definition
-antiotensin-converting enzyme inh: Benazepril/Analapril
-angiotensin II blocker: Losartan
-Ca-ch blocker: Amlodipine |
|
|
Term
| Why do we make sure to check blood work again 10-14h after starting meds for BP w/ CKD? |
|
Definition
| -can worsen azotemia due to dec in GFR |
|
|
Term
| Why would we supplement calcitriol w/ CKD? When do we start it? |
|
Definition
-may be insufficient renal mass to pdc calcitriol
-only give after phos has been controlled |
|
|
Term
| True or False: CKD patients are at a dec risk for dehydration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the possibility of kidney transplant for CKD. |
|
Definition
-in cats only
-very expensive & labor intensive |
|
|
Term
| How can we definitively diagnose glomerular dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are kidney biopsies high risk? |
|
Definition
-kidneys receive 25% of CO
-patients are not ideal anesthetic candidates |
|
|
Term
| How does proteinuria affect prognosis of CKD? |
|
Definition
| -poor prognostic indicator |
|
|
Term
| What are our primary tx options for proteinuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat immune-med glomerular dz? |
|
Definition
-cyclosporine > pred
-azathioprine in dogs only
-cyclophosphamide
-mycophenolate |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat amyloidosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common complications of PLN? |
|
Definition
-low albumin: edema, ascites, pleural effusion
-sodium retention
-thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
| What is prognosis for amyloidosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is prognosis for glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of congenital renal dz? |
|
Definition
-YOUNG PATIENTS
-anorexia, wt loss
-GI signs
-PU/PD
-uremic breath
-dehydration
-oral ulcerations |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose congenital renal dz? |
|
Definition
-low USG, azotemia, hyperophosphatemia, non-regen anemia
-proteinuria
-UTI
-changes in kidneys on imaging
-HISTOPATH = DEFINITIVE DX |
|
|
Term
| What dog breeds are predisposed to renal dysplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat renal dysplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What dog breed is predisposed to primary glomerulopathies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are primary glomerulopathies? |
|
Definition
| -many related to type IV collagen defect in glomerular BM |
|
|
Term
| Who gets polycystic kidney dz? |
|
Definition
-Persian cats
-affects kidneys & liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Shar Pei
-Abyssinian cats |
|
|
Term
| Who gets immune-med glomerulonephritis?- |
|
Definition
| -Soft-coated Wheaten terriers |
|
|
Term
| Who gets Fanconi syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
