Term
| What are the guidelines for describing the typical gross appearance of the lung? |
|
Definition
-state of inflation
-color
-pattern/distribution
-presence of abnormal material or fluid |
|
|
Term
| What are our texture options of lung? |
|
Definition
-spongy
-rubbery
-firm
-nodular
-gritty
-cystic |
|
|
Term
| What are your options for what you see when you cut the lung? |
|
Definition
-exudate
-mucus
-fluid: clear/colored
-mass
-foreign material |
|
|
Term
| What does a normal lung look like and feel like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about ruminant lungs? |
|
Definition
| -caudodorsal portions of visceral pleura are normally thickened |
|
|
Term
| What is special about elephant lungs? |
|
Definition
| -visceral & parietal pleura are fused |
|
|
Term
| True or FAlse: Rib impressions are normal in birds since the lungs are fixed (no diaphragm) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about the interlobular septa in cattle & pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tongue
-esophagus
-larynx
-trachea
-lungs
-heart |
|
|
Term
| What do normal lungs do in water or formalin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can abnormal lungs float in formalin? |
|
Definition
-partially aerated
-artificially aerated: CPR, chest compressions during parturition
-contains gas: bacterial gas pdn |
|
|
Term
| Why do abnormal lungs sink in formalin? |
|
Definition
-pulmonary spaces lack enough air to loat
-pulmonary air spaces contain material of equal or greater density of water |
|
|
Term
| Failure of the lung to collapse may be due to what...? (TEST QUESTION) |
|
Definition
-airway obstruction
-pulmonary edema
-pulmonary fibrosis
-pulmonary mineralization
-pneumonia
-pleuritis
-neoplasia |
|
|
Term
| Give wome examples of airway obstruction that would cause failure of the lung collapsing? |
|
Definition
-bronchiolitis: COPD
-bronchitis
-laryngotracheal |
|
|
Term
| What does pulmonary look like? |
|
Definition
| -red, wet, havy w/ froth in distal trachea |
|
|
Term
| What is the froth that is present w/ pulmonary edema? Where does it come from? |
|
Definition
-surfactant
-type II pneumocytes |
|
|
Term
| If froth is present w/ pulmonary edema, which organ do you examine next? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we describe pulmonary fibrosis? |
|
Definition
| -slightly firm, very rubbery, cut w/ great resistance |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the causes of pulmonary fibrosis? |
|
Definition
-repair from previous injury
-equine nodular fibrosis: EHV5, COPD
-feline idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| How do we describe pulmonary mineralization? |
|
Definition
| -lungs collapse on palpation and are gritty to tough and when cut |
|
|
Term
| Which organ do you look at next if you see pulmonary mineralization? Why? |
|
Definition
-parathyroid gland
-renal secodnary hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of pulmonary mineralization? |
|
Definition
-uremic pneumonitis
-soft tissue mineralization assoc w/ renal hypercalcemia
-mineralization may involve pleura, interstitium, alvolar septums, vascualture, and perivascular adventitia |
|
|
Term
| How do we describe pulmonary minerlization? |
|
Definition
-hard, gritty, nodules w/ consistency of bone
-generally incidental |
|
|
Term
| In which animals is pulmonary mineralization most common? |
|
Definition
| -broilers w/ ascites/heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -adheseions of the visceral and parietal pleura |
|
|
Term
| Is acute fibrous or fibrinous? Chronic? |
|
Definition
-acute = fibrinous
-chronic = fibrous |
|
|
Term
| Which lung lobe is most commonly affected by neoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the blue nodules surrounding the major pulmoary airways on histo of bronchi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of alveolar macrophages? |
|
Definition
| -constitutes first line of pulmonary defense against organic and inorganic particulates |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 cell types in the alveolus? |
|
Definition
-alveolar epi
-capillary endo
-interstitial cell or fibroblast |
|
|
Term
| LOOK AT THE CARTOONS ON SLIDE 45 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary portal of entry for bronchopneumonia? |
|
Definition
| -inhalation is the primary portal of entry (aerogenous) |
|
|
Term
| What is the target of bronchopneumonia? |
|
Definition
| -terminal bronchioles & surrounding alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Why are terminal bronchioles & surrounding alveoli the taret of bronchopneumonia? |
|
Definition
-diminished air velocity
-epi contact inc likelihood of attachment
-deficient defense due to lack of mucociliary apparatus
-dec clearance due to relatively inc surface area of alveoli |
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark gross feature of bronchopneumonia? |
|
Definition
| -cranioventral distribution |
|
|
Term
| How do we describe bronchopneumonai? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we describe pleuropneumonia? |
|
Definition
-firm and meaty while necrotic areas are friabl
-WITH FIBRIN |
|
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