Term
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Definition
| -P exerted against blood vessel walls during ventricular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| -pressure exerted during relaxation phase of cardiac cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| -average P throughout cardiac cycle |
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Term
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Definition
-quiet room w/ or w/out owner
-if too high or low retry, check another leg, try different cuff size
-maybe add butorphanol or buprenex as mild sedative |
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Term
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Definition
-Dog > 180 mmHg
0Cat > 160 mmHg
MAP > 145 mmHg |
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Term
| What are some complications of high BP? (brain, heart, eyes, kidneys) |
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Definition
-blindness: hemorrhage, retianl dtachment, glaucoma
-cerebrovascular accident: seizures
-accelerated renal deterioration
--Left ventricular hypertrophy
-epistaxis
-murmur |
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Term
| What are some common underlying causes for hypertension? |
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Definition
-Cushing: dogs
-Hyperthyroid: cats
-Pheochromocytoma
-Renal dz: BUN, Creat, Proteinuria, urine P:C |
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Term
| If any underlying dz are present, how does our bar for hypertension differ? |
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Definition
| -any dz present that causes hypertension, lower the threshold of believability |
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Term
| What values are considered hypotension> |
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Definition
-Cat or Dog < 80mmHg (sys)
-mean < 60 mmHg (mimin reuqirement to perfus brain and kidneys) |
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Term
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Definition
-take 5 measurements at intervals of 30 seconds
-chave limb and use alcohol or ultrasound gel |
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Term
| What is an oscillometric BP? |
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Definition
-automated
-often gives HR
-works well in anesthetized patient |
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Term
| What is high definition oscillometric BP? |
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Definition
| -shows you the waveforms on screen |
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Term
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Definition
-semiautomated
-some features of Doppler but still oscillometric |
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Term
| What is the gold standard of taking BP? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general acute management of systemic hypertension? |
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Definition
-sodium nitroprusside CRI
-hydralazine
-amlodipine |
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Term
| What are the treatments (home therapy) for systemic hypertension? |
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Definition
-ace inh
-amlodipine***
-angiotensin rc blocker
-beta blockers
-nitroprussed & hydralazine: in ER setting |
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Term
| What is the major side effect of amlodipine? |
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Definition
-gingival hyperplasia
-reverses after stopping medication |
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Term
| What are the three levels that can cause pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
-Pre-capillary: pulmonary artery dz
-Capillary: interstitial or alveolar dz
-Post-capillary: elevated LA P |
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Term
| What are the common examples of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
| -HW and pulmonary thromboembolism |
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Term
| What is the common example of capillary pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are our common exampls of post-capillary pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
| -HCM, DCM, mitral valve degeng |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
-weakness
-shortness of breath
-fainting/syncope
-often assoc w/ cough but not primary cause of cough |
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Term
| How to tx pulmonary hypertension? |
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Definition
-treat underlying cause
-Sildenafil
-Tadalafil
-Pimobendan
-L-arginine: NO precursor
-diuretic & ace inh if LCHF |
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Term
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Definition
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