Term
| What are the two sources of blood supply to the brain? |
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Definition
-carotid aa
-basilar a
-these joint at base of brain to make Circle of Willis |
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Term
| Which brain cells are most sysceptible to hypoxia? |
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Definition
| -neurons >>> oligos, astrocytes, microglia |
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Term
| In general, hypoxia of the brain usually results in neuronal necrosis of the _____. When does this commonly occur? |
|
Definition
-cerebral cortex
-Ex: anesthesia accidents, dystocia, umbilical cord flow impairment, straingulation, malicious, or accidenta |
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Term
| Complete and total vascular occlusion can result in ______ which is one of the causes of stroke in humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the lesions w/ acute brian/spinal cord infarct? |
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Definition
-swollen
-normal color but usually hemorrhagic
-irregular in shape |
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ chronic brain/spinal cord infarcts? |
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Definition
-necrotic tissue removed by macrophages
-small infarcts become foci of gliosis
-large infarcts become caivties |
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Term
| How do chronic brain infarcts heal? |
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Definition
-heal by cavitation: macrophages infiltrate and remove necrotic tissue
-if too large for astrocytes to fill, brain atrophy & cavitation result |
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Term
| Which species are most commonly affected by fibrocartilagenous emboli? |
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Definition
| -dogs, esp large breeding |
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Term
| What are fibrocartilaginous emboli? |
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Definition
-cartilabe resembling nucleus pulposus gains access to the spinal vasculature
-results in infarction: fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy |
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Term
| What is cytotoxic cerebral edema? |
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Definition
-blood brain barrier damage due to toxic or metabolic disorders
-plasma ultrafiltrate (low protein) accumulates in astrocytes and spreads to other cells) |
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Term
| What do we see grossly w/ cytotoxic cerebral edema? |
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Definition
| -usually uniform swelling of the brain w/ flattening of the gyri |
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Term
| What is vasogenic cerebral edema? |
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Definition
-localized brain swelling adjacent to an infeacrt, inflamm focus, neoplasm, or trauma site
-plasma-rich fluid |
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Term
| What do we see grossly w/ vasogneic cerebral edema? |
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Definition
-uniform, asymmetrical, or localized swelling of th ebrain w/ flattening of the gyri
-should aslo see a precipitating lesion |
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Term
| What is cerebellar coning? |
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Definition
-secondary to severe swelling of the brain
where cerebellum is pushed into posterior cranial vault and can herniate through foramen magnum |
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