Term
| The mouth heals very quickly. Why? |
|
Definition
-highly vascular
-higher temp
-inc phagocytic activity
-early epi migration
-higher met rate |
|
|
Term
| Which types of bacteria are present in the mouth? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Is infection less or more of a concern in the mouth? Justify your answer. |
|
Definition
-less
-rich blood supply + antibacterial props of salive
-DOES NOT MEAN THAT YOU GET CAVALIER |
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotics do we most commonly use in the mouth? |
|
Definition
| -Broad spectrum: Ampicillin sulbactam, Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Combo therapy |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of intubation that can be used for oral surgery? |
|
Definition
-per os
-pharyngostomy
-tracheostomy |
|
|
Term
| What are our considerations w/ oral surgery to protect the airway? |
|
Definition
-cuffed ET tube
-pack throat w/ gauze
-risk of aspiration |
|
|
Term
| How do we handle edema w/ oral surgery? |
|
Definition
-gentile tissue handling
-corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| What are some general surgical considerations ofr oral surgery? |
|
Definition
-use blade or scissors: sharp incision
-avoid use of electrocautery on mucosa
-bleeding can be extensive
-suture techniques: interrupted sutures, tnesion-free closure, monofilament or braided suture |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the biggest reasons that an incision in the mouth will fail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we do if we have an oral mass? |
|
Definition
-get a sample
-determine how extensive: CT scan |
|
|
Term
| What are the common oral neoplasms in the dog? |
|
Definition
-papillomas
-epulides
-melanoma: aggressive
-SCC: aggressive
-fibrosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the common oral neoplasms in the cat? |
|
Definition
-SCC: aggressive
-fibrosarcomas |
|
|
Term
| Are oral neoplasms on the mandible or maxilla more difficult? Which is more common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are or considerations for mandibulectomy? |
|
Definition
-ability to eat
-TMJ function long term
-malocclusion/oral ulcerations |
|
|
Term
| Why is mailectomy difficult? |
|
Definition
-anatomy
-limited ability to reconstruct |
|
|
Term
| What causes lip avulsions? |
|
Definition
| -trauma to rostral mucosa/lip: kicked by cow/horse |
|
|
Term
| What neoplasms most commonly affect the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the bounds for a Glossectomy? |
|
Definition
-75% still yields adequat function
-cats do not tolerate as well as dogs |
|
|
Term
| In addition to neoplasms, what else commonly affects the tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are primary cleft palates located? Secondary? |
|
Definition
-primary: premaxilla, lip
-secondary: hard palate, soft palate |
|
|
Term
| Are primary cleft palates congenital or acquried? Bilateral or unilateral? |
|
Definition
-congenital
-unilateral > bilateral * L > R |
|
|
Term
| What structures are usually affected by secondary cleft palate? |
|
Definition
-soft palate only or hard and soft palates
-usually midline |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical signalment of congenital cleft palates? |
|
Definition
-young
-brachycephalic
-Siamese Cats |
|
|
Term
| When in utero does insult occur leading to congenital cleft palates? Etiologies? |
|
Definition
-day 25-28
-almost any insult can cause this |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical presentation of primary cleft palate? |
|
Definition
-evident at birth
-usually aesthetic only
-can have food caught in nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical presentation of secondary cleft palate? |
|
Definition
-evident at birth or hx of trauma
-look in mouth immediately post partum
-CS w/ nursing: milk exits nose, coughing, gagging, sneezing, nasal discharge
-unthrifty |
|
|
Term
| What are our surgical considerations for cleft palates? |
|
Definition
-allow patient to grow to 12-14w
-rule out aspiration pneumonia
-shorter fasting time: 4-6h
-trauma: repair at time of injury |
|
|
Term
| Why do we let animals w/ cleft palate grow to 12-14w before surgery? |
|
Definition
-mucosa friable
-poor anesthetic candidate
-smalelr working environment |
|
|
Term
| Why can we not wait too long to surgically fix cleft palates? |
|
Definition
| -defect gets too wide to close |
|
|
Term
| How do we fix primary cleft palate? |
|
Definition
-reconstruct mucosal tissues and skin
-close oronasal fistula defect |
|
|
Term
| How do we fix secondary clefts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are our considerations when using palatoplasty to fix secondary cleft? |
|
Definition
-AVOID TENSION!!!!
-freshen edges
-make flaps larger than defect
-avoid placing sutures ober bone defects
-use multiple layers of closure |
|
|
Term
| What are some common etiologies of oronasal fistulas? |
|
Definition
-DENTAL DZ
-MALOCCLUSION
-trauma
-electrical burns, neoplasia, sx, radiation therapy |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical presentation of oronasal fistula? |
|
Definition
-sneezing, unilateral nasal discharge
-difficulty eating
-halitosis |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose oronasal fistula? |
|
Definition
-imaging
-oral exam!!!
-dental probing |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat oronasal fistulas? |
|
Definition
-small fistulas due to trauma may close w/out surgery but larger fistulas rquire surgery
-debride edges and use double-layer closure (usually useg gingival/labial mucosal flaps) |
|
|
Term
| What are the common complications sen w/ palatoplasty? |
|
Definition
-dehiscence very common: due to tension or infection (chances inc w/ inc size)
-wait until surgical site inflammation reduces |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical prognosis w/ palatoplasty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some postop considerations of oral surgery? |
|
Definition
-liquid analfesia
-use Abx
-E-collar
-diet: canned food only for 4-6ww, small meatballs
-NOTHING PER OS EXCEPT SOFT FOOD: 4-6w |
|
|
Term
| What are our major salivary glands? |
|
Definition
-sublingual gland
-mandibular gland
-parotid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -salivary duct damage => collection of saliva in pseudocapsule => swelling visible in cervical soft tissue or undr tongue |
|
|
Term
| What dog breeds are commonly affected by sialoceles? |
|
Definition
-GSD
-silky terriers
-Cachshunds
-Poodles |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of sialocoeles? Which is most commmon? |
|
Definition
-cervical: MOST COMMON
-zygomatic
-pharyngeal
-sublingual |
|
|
Term
| How does a cervical sialocoele present clinically? |
|
Definition
-soft, fluctuant, non-painful swelling
-ventral to mandible |
|
|
Term
| How does a sublingual sialocele (ranula) present clinically? |
|
Definition
-swelling under tongue
-halitosis
-dyspagia
-oral bleeding |
|
|
Term
| How does a pharyngeal sialocoele present clinically? |
|
Definition
-intraoral swelling protruding into pharynx
-cough, dyspnea, resp noise |
|
|
Term
| Do we resect sialocoeles? |
|
Definition
-no, unnecessary
-high morbidity |
|
|
Term
| What is the palliative procedure for sialocoeles? |
|
Definition
| -marsupalization: pharyngeal ranula (egress path for saliva) |
|
|
Term
| What are the complications that occur w/ sialocoeles? |
|
Definition
-recurrence
-infection
-seroma
-lingual nerve damage |
|
|
Term
| What is the typical prognosis w/ sialocoles? |
|
Definition
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