Term
| What are some common diseases w/ hypercoagulation? |
|
Definition
-heart dz (Cats)
-protein losing dz
-Cushings
-IMHA
-Neoplasia |
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Term
| What tests do we use to test hypercoagulation? |
|
Definition
-thromboelastography
-sonoclot
-antithrombin 3 levels |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of hypercoagulation? |
|
Definition
-right heart: pulmonary thromboembolism
-left heart: hind limb paralysis (Cats), forelimb paralysis, seizure, acute renal failure |
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Term
| What do we see on feline PE w/ aortic thromboembolism? |
|
Definition
-no or reduced pulses
-cold extremitites
-painful in first 24h
-contracted gastric
-lower motor neuron deficites |
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|
Term
| What do we see on blood work of aortic thromboembolism? |
|
Definition
-elevated CK
-elevated ALT
-elevated AST |
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Term
| True or FAlse: Thromboembolic dz is most commonly primary in cats. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE, most commonly secondary to heart dz |
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Term
| Which limb or limbs is/are most commonly affected in cats w/ thromboembolic dz? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How do we care for acute aortic thromboembolism in cats? |
|
Definition
-pain management: pure opioids
-consider epidural
-nursing care: bladder expression & ortate recumbency
-external warming
-cats are way way more painful than dogs
-parenteral anticoag (heparin)
-treat CHF if none IV fluids
-echo |
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Term
| What are ATE prognostic indicators for cats? |
|
Definition
-rectal temp: low anal tone thus make sure against wall
-presence of CHF |
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Term
| What is the typical recovery rate of ATE in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for ATE in cats? |
|
Definition
-treat underlying cause
-aspirin (primary hemostasis prevention)
-clopidogrel (primary hemostasis prevention)
-warfarin (secondary hemostasis prevention)
-heparin & LMWH
-newer: Dabigatran, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban
-tissue plasminogen activators (really only use right away) |
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|
Term
| Is Warfarin safer in cats or dogs? |
|
Definition
-way safer in dogs
-really use Clopidogrel in cats |
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|
Term
| What are our considerations for surgical correction of ATE? |
|
Definition
-good anesthetic candidate?
-underlying dz that hcaused thrumbus = recurrence
-reperfusion injury |
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|
Term
| What is reperfusion injury? |
|
Definition
-tissue damage caused when bloos suppy returns to tissue after period of ischemia or lack of oxygen
-restoration of circulation results in inflammation and oxidative damage |
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