-wrote first lifespan theory

-it's about inner personal relationships

-interacting with others

-we will focus on identity vs. identity confusion

-Identity crisis

-Turning point

-Actual self

a normal developmental turning point

-this is the time to give the "me" more attention

-turning point

means task

-it is not negative

our thoughts are starting to turn to the future

love, work, ideology, thoughts

Who you actually are it's you acknowledging what you like

realistic, self as is

relationships formed w/others in which love for another person leads one to want to be like that person

- we dont imitate that person but we integrate. we take things we like about that person and integrate into who we are

a time period when adult responsibilities are postponed as young people try various possible selves.

-Here we test our possible selves, figureo ut whats going on

seen as undesireable by society. This not like fear. 

-This is wanting to take on an identity that society deems bad, criminal, drug dealer

Inaccurate representation of the self to others; fake self

-example: with potential dating partner, then parents, and then close friends last

-All this is Erikson

are defined in terms of dimensions of commitment and exploration

-They are not stages more like approaches

-Identity formation is a life-long process

adolescents have neither explored life options nor commited to alternatives

-Example: high student who did not know what to do in Colorado state. He was not worried about his future

adolescents have begun to explore life options but remain uncommitted to any alternatives

-Example: do research to deide what major you would like

-Still not commited

-healthy time out doing thoughtful exploring

adolescents remain commited to parental ways and values with out exploring alternatives

-Example: make an early decision to commit; considered early because they didnt explore

-Friend that did everything that his dad told him to. You will go here, you will do this

adolescent has explored ways and values and committed themselves to self-chosen alternatives

-Example: "we made it"

It is composed of diverse elements that do not always form a unified self

-Example: it's not one neat descriptor it is varied

-Stereotype of professor boring, reads alot, as opposed to the truth watches bachelor, sky dives, drinks beer

Across contexts and changes continously throughtout the life course

(Example: Prof Chiarella went from being boring to being fun in mid life)

Identoty can still go through major shifts

refers to a persons overall sense of worth and well being

-reports say college students have high self esteem

low self esteem

good self esteem plunges to low self esteem

1. comfortable with physical appearance

2. more opportunities to make our own choices

3.you feel more accepted by your parents

4. You care less about peer evaluations, dont care what they think

blacks have the highest

asian americans have the lowest

-blacks have group pride in who they are

-asians because asians usually come from collectivistic culture where they ddont value having high self esteem. so its not that they have low self esteem they just do not value it

Male whites have the highest and Male asian americans have the lowest

-Female blacks have the highest and and female whites have the lowest

- females compared to males have higher self esteem except between whites

-white females have lowest self esteem

1.scholastic competence

2.social acceptance

3. athletic competence

4. physical appearance

5.job competence

6.romantic appeal

7. behavioral conduct

8. close friendship

do you get in trouble alot?

do you engage in risky behaviors

1.Physical appearance - number 1

2. Social acceptance came in second

athletic competence

job competence

Adolescents do no have to rank high on all just on the ones they care about if they rank low its low self esteem

the process of defining the self

Example: Who owns the decision

-parents have always owned the decision, but now you want to make the decisions, you lie to parents

-Prof. Chiarella lied by omission

having and expressing ideas of your own and knowing how you are different than others

Example: not rbeling, but what do you think, uniques, special self, leaving one feeling lonely, You assert who you are but there is a deep sense of loneliness

One's openess to others opinions and respect for their ideas

Example: become more understanding and tolerant. Even if my friend does not agree with me im going to accept you and be tolerant

When people feel they lack enough social contacts and relationships

-about quantity

- you dont have enough friends

When people feel their relationships lack sufficientcloseness and intimacy

-lacking in quality

Time alone in adolescence

Adolescents spend most of their time ...

Time alone in adolescence

Mood during alone time?

Time alone in adolescence

Amount of alone time

-too much alone time and you wonder if they are depressed, worry, anxiety

-too little alone time also worry, get into trouble, risky behavior

Time alone in emerging adulthood

Loneliest time?

1st year of college

emotionally lonely

Time alone in emerging adulthood

Leisure/productive

-exercise

-active leisure

-sleep does not count

Sharing inner most feelings and thoughts in an atmosphere of caring, trust, and acceptance

-Key term: self disclosure

-tell someone your sign (taurus)they tell it back

give info about yourself

contingent (based on) achieving identity

-they can be ready if they know who they are

the means by which identity is achieved

-it occurs simultaneously

-my relationships are part of my identity. so this intimacy and identity happen at the same time

awareness

flexibility

intensification

- psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced at adolescence because of the intensified socialization pressures to conform to culturally prescribed roles

-society sets the big picture of how things work and we learn from parents

-adolescents are most influenced by parents who encourage gender-role conformity

-parents are very traditional

highly associate with both feminine and masculine

example- dressing nice but likes going camping too

-most people fall in this category

low association with both feminine and masculine traits

mystery

actions

the girl being the boys

desire to learn more about ones cultural heritage

cultural stereotypes held by the majority culture

developing a dual identity; based on ones culture of origin and the majority culture

-cuban american

leaving the ethnic culture behind and adopting the ways of the majority culture

-feeling american

associating only with members of ones own ethnic cultural group and rejecting the ways of the majority culture

-feeling cuban

rejecting ones culture of origin but also feeling rejected by the majority culture

- no group

when the young child identifies with the same sex of the parent

- mom with girl

-dad with boy

superego of females is weaker than that of males because they are not motivated to resolve oedipal tensions

-women are weaker in morals because they have penis envy

rules are fixed and cant be changed

interactions with peers instead of parents

peers teach us

adolescents take into accountpeople's motivations for behavior

-we want to know the motivation

-the big question is WHY?

we are on the same level and we can negotiate

-we just obey our parents

rule enforcers and not the rules themselves influence ones actions 

-Mom and dad are the rule enforcers

- most concerned about getting in trouble (avoid punishment)

right is what agrees with rules established by society, authority, and tradition

-may be in this stage through adolescents and maybe the rest of your adukthood

-its what everyone tends to do

-conventional is set up by society

-what are the rules and laws in society

-in a red light if no one was comign you would wait

right comes from self-derived universal principles

-thinking about what you believe is right and wrong (Mother Theresa)

most females think of morality more personally than do males

 -Gilligan states women are not morally weaker they just have a different approach

-emphasizes compassion and a sense of responsibility to others

-contrasts w/kolhbergs justice orientation which emphasizes rules and reason

- males and females take justice and care issue into consideration when thinking about moral issues

-the type of moral dilema influences their moral reasoning more than gender (its about the situation)

-moral reasoning is more closely related to gender-roles orientation than to sex (masculine, feminine etc.)

-only looking at western societies

World views approach cultural critique

kolhberg

kolhberg's theory of morality is biased in favor of the individualistic thinking of western elites

-regardless of background can we understand how we see morality

1. autonomy

2. community

3. divinity

individual is primary moral authority having right to do as they wish as long as their behavior does no harm to others

-as long as i dont hurt anybody im ok

-Emerging adults in the USA rely especially on the ethic of autonomy

responsabilities of roles in family, community, are basis for moral judgments

-people in your life

individual is a spiritual entity subject to the prescriptions of a divine authority

-what would Jesus do?

-what my religion or spiritual views tell me i should do in this situation

-if your parents talk about it

- if your family participates

-if mom and dad disagree (catholic vs. atheist)

-if mom and dad are divorced

-Chidlren think of God as very concrete

-In adolescence God is complex or abstract

from adolescence through emerging adulthood

-religiosity goes down, take a step back from participation

Children

(I go to church on Sundays)

Adolescence

(My relationship with God)

15%

- i am still going to church, i still participate

30%

-choosing what you want to believe

15%

religion is something out there

not really sure what to believe

just that there is a higher power

40%

dont see religiona s a big part of their lives

against religion

-roles

-self regualtion

-sources of meaning

-codes for behavior

prescription for socialization:

roles

prescription for socialization:

Self regulation

not over indulging in things

-spending too much

drinking too much

prescription for socialization:

Sources of meaning

God or multiple Gods. heaven/hell

sense of supernatual forces

prescription for socialization:

codes for behavior

10 commandments

laws and rules

they embrace general set of beliefs

-a moralistic therapeutic deism

-adolescence views of religion

-loose, glossy non traditional follower

you believe you should be a good person

God is there if needed

-not active participant

not harming anyone

-integrate beliefs into a single system of beliefs

-faith is largely conformist

-artificial or fake

-conforming to what mom and dad do or what peers do

-explore beliefs, incorporate personal experiences, develop individualized faith

- i have really thought about what do i believe and acting on what i genuinely believe

-opposite of other you do not conform

-the issue is that you go through a thoughtful process

Fowlers theory is based on American majority culture and individualistic values

- no cross cultural research

-used hypothetical situations to explore adolescents thinking about political ideas

-examined political development in relation to age gender, social class, and IQ

AGE

(12 to 13 noticeable shift)

the idea that as you get older your ideas get more abstract

-laws are socially constructed (ppl create laws)

change in cognitive mode

sharp decline in support for authoritarian political systems

A capacity for ideology

sharp decline in supprt

someone should be incharge

laws and individual freedoms balance out