Term
| What are the cons of equine preanesthetic fasting? |
|
Definition
> 4h: inc viscosity of GI contents, can lead to enhanced risk of fluid aspiration
-can stress individual horses: dec GI motility and potentiate GI ulceration
-negative energy balance |
|
|
Term
| What are the pros of equine preanesthetic fasting? |
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Definition
-less material in the GI tract: less pressure on the major vessels, less displacement of the diaphragm
-dec gas pdn |
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Term
| How long do we food-fast a horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the critical time periods of horse anesthesia? |
|
Definition
-before loss of consciousness
-just after regaining consciousness |
|
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Term
| What are some preanesthetic considerations for horses? |
|
Definition
-sedative
-physical restraint: size, temperament, personal, duration of procedure, type of procedure |
|
|
Term
| How do we sedate a horse for anesthesia? What drugs do we use? |
|
Definition
-catheterization
-Acepromazine, Xylazine, Detomidine, Romifidine |
|
|
Term
| Which types of horses need higher sedation doses? |
|
Definition
| -yearlings, thoroughbreds, and arabians |
|
|
Term
| What is the major consideration for equine preanesthetic sedation whan administered IM? |
|
Definition
| -can take up to 30 mins to work |
|
|
Term
| What are some concerns with opioid use for equine preanesthetic sedation? |
|
Definition
| -MAC is not consistently decreased and can cause respiratory depression |
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|
Term
| What do we use for equine induction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are our two common agents for equine co-induction with Ketamine? |
|
Definition
| -Benzodiaepine and Gauifenesin |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of combo regimens for equine induction? |
|
Definition
| -Alpha-2 + ketamine + benzodiazepam |
|
|
Term
| If you have what 3 signs after ketamine induction should you give more drug? |
|
Definition
-rapid nystagmus
-limb movements
-muscle tremors |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 induction agents have limited use in horses due to large volume of drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we use for equine mainenance? |
|
Definition
| -lidocaine, ketmaine, alpha-2 agonist, +/- Benzodiazepam |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of an alpha-2 agonist used for equine maintenance? Describe its effects. |
|
Definition
-Detomidine
-reliable sedation, analgesia, MAC reduction, inc urine production |
|
|
Term
| What does Lidocaine do as a maintenance drug in horses? |
|
Definition
-CV safe with low dose, decs MAC in dose dependent fashion
-admin low loading dose and give CRI |
|
|
Term
| Describe Ketamine as a maintenance drug in horses. Any concerns? |
|
Definition
-loading dose is actual induction and admin CRI
-do not use for longer than 2 hrs and causes poor recoveries |
|
|
Term
| What are the issues with Benzodiazepines and Gaufenesin for equine meintenance? |
|
Definition
| -severe ataxia and prolonged recovery |
|
|
Term
| What do we use for field equine anesthesia? |
|
Definition
-ketamine and alpha-2
-can add in GG and butorphanol |
|
|
Term
| What is the time constraint for Triple Drip for equine field anesthesia? |
|
Definition
| -use NO more than 90 mins |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major things to remember with equine monitoring? |
|
Definition
-inhalants depress cardiac function
-need to be maintained as light as possible |
|
|
Term
| For equine monitoring, need to maintain MAP of >___ mmHg. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What agents do we use to maintain BP in horses? |
|
Definition
-Dobutamine
-low systemic vascular resistance: Ephedrine, norepinephrine, or phenylephrine |
|
|
Term
| Describe the parts of equine recovery. |
|
Definition
-warm quiet environment
-foals: sometimes recover with mare
-allow for anesthetic drug elimination
-careful extubation, remove NG tube if present
-nasal phenylephrine
-upper airway obstruction can lead to pulmonary edema
-should lay for 30-45 mins
-ideal to have sternal phase
-should not be down for >60 mins
-may need addition sedation
-recovery assistance |
|
|
Term
| How do we assist in equine recovery? |
|
Definition
-head and tail ropes
-water recovery
-water mattress recovery |
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