Term
| What virus is responsible for feline rhinotracheitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Due to the widespread use of vaccines against FHV-1, respiratory disease aused by FHV-1 is no longer widespread. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, respiratory disease caused by FHV-1 is still widespread and occurs throughout the world |
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Term
| In which situation is Feline Rhinotracheitis due to FHV-1 occur more frequently? |
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Definition
| -younger cats in situation where cats are grouped together |
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Term
| What explains the high incidence of respiratory disease in cat colonies? |
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Definition
| -the ease by which spreads between infected and non-infected cats |
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Term
| How is FHV-1 transmitted? |
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Definition
| -primarily through contact with oro-nasal secretions and by aerosol dropley |
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Term
| FRV is a _______ kind of virus and will ______ infect cats that have become infected and have recovered from the infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| What can induce recrudescence and FRV shedding? |
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Definition
| -stressors such as change in housing, shows, boarding, treatment with glucocorticoids, etc |
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Term
| How do maternal antibodies interat with FRV? |
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Definition
-maternal immunity does not fully protect young kittens from infection
-pregnant queens at time of parturition will often secrete FHV-1 in their nasal secretions, which can result in infection in young kittens |
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Term
| True or False: Cats that are latently infected with FRV that shed are often clinically normal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does FHV-1 replicate in the body? |
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Definition
| -mucosa of the nasal turbinate conjunctiva, nasopharynx, and tonsils |
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Term
| How long does FHV-1 shedding last? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease does FHV-1 cause in young kittens? Clinical signs? |
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Definition
-acute upper respiratory tract disease
-lethargy, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis (runny eyes), anorexia, weight loss, keratitis with corneal ulceration, necrosis of the nasal turbinate, ulcerative glossitis may also be noted during severe infections |
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Term
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Definition
| -an ulcer that penetrates the corneal stroma to reach the descemet's mejbrane |
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Term
| True or False: Once infected with FRV, cats will remain latently infected and will become lifelong carriers of the virus. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which clinical signs are suggesstive of FHV-1? |
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Definition
| -sneezing in young kittens accompanied by upper respiratory signs accompanied by conjunctivitis and keratitis |
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Term
| What is the most sensitive test for FHV-1? When should you take the samples? |
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Definition
-PCR
-within the first week of illness |
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Term
| True or False: Cats immune to FHV-1 may still become infected and shed virus although they will show no signs of disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do maternal antibodies protect kittens from FHV-1 infection? |
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Definition
| -NO, although it may result in a less severe infection |
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Term
| What kind of vaccine do we have for FHV-1? How is it administered? |
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Definition
-MLV
-parentally, intranasal vaccines, and inactivated vaccines are available |
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Term
| How effective is the FHV-1 MLV in protecting against infection? |
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Definition
-NOT
-important to stress that vaccines can offer protection against disase, but not agaisnt infection and carrier state |
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Term
| What viral family and genus does Feline Calicivirus belong to? |
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Definition
-Family = Calciviridae
-Genus = Calcivirus |
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Term
| Describe the size, geometry, and genus of Feline Calicivirus. |
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Definition
| =small non-enveloped RNA virus with icosahedral symmetry |
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Term
| Describe the distribution of Feline calicivirus. |
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Definition
| -widespread and worldwide |
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Term
| In what kind of cats does FCV occur? In what environments? |
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Definition
-younger cats
-in situations where cats are grouped together |
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Term
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Definition
| -aerosol droplet, contact with oro-nasal secretions, and indirectly via contaminated feeding and watering utensils |
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Term
| FCV can persist in the __(anatomical locaiton)__ of some cats that recover from infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the carrier state of FCV. |
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Definition
| -FCV can persist in the oropharynx or constant virus excretion in the saliva and nasal secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| -it can potentiate the carrier state |
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Term
| How does the virulence of the strain of FCV affect the location of replication. |
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Definition
| -FCV replicates predominantly in the oral and respiratory tissues, but more highly virulent strains favor different tissues (ex: oral mucosa, alveolar cells, with some strains infecting jjoints) |
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Term
| What is the most prominent feature of FCV infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| In addition to oral ulceration, what other oral signs are often associated with FCV? In what percentage of cats? |
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Definition
-chronic stomatitis/gingivitis
-80% |
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Term
| What are the 3 clinical syndromes are associated with FCV? |
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Definition
1) an acute or sub-acute respiratory disease of young cats
2) acute arthritis
3) acute systemic disease with high mortality |
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Term
| Describe the clinical signs that characterize the acute/sub-acute respiratory disease form of FCV. |
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Definition
-fever, mild conjunctivitis and nasal discharge, with vesicles and/or ulcers of the oral epithelium, pneumonia sometimes
-some show anorexia, lethargy, fever, stiff gait, and lameness |
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Term
| True or False: The acute arthritis form of FCV can occur without evidence of respiratory disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the onset of clinical signs due to the acute arthritis form of FCV. |
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Definition
| -lameness is typically of acute onset and accompanied by fever |
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Term
| Describe the outbreaks due to the acute systemic disease with high mortality form of FCV? |
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Definition
| -strains appear suddenly and disappear as suddenly |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs due to the acute systemic disease with high mortality form of FCV? |
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Definition
| -facial and limb edema, ulceration of the nose/pinnae/footpads, accompanied by high mortality |
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Term
| True or False: Cats vaccinated with the FCV vaccine available commercially succumb to infections with these highly virulent feline caliciviruses. |
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Definition
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Term
| The acute systemic disease form of FCV is often accompanied by high morbidity and mortality may reach 50% depending on ______ causing disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Concerning FCV, the high rate of mutation during virus replication generates strains that vary greatly genetically and antigenically: highly virulent strains may arise under conditions where cats are congegates such as in animals shelters, cases of highly virulent systemic infections usually originate from "shelter" cats. |
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Definition
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Term
| What clinical signs is very indicative of FCV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Maternal antibodies will protect kittens from FCV for up to ___ weeks of age. |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of vaccines do we have for FCV? How is it administered? |
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Definition
-MLV
-administered parentally, intranasal vacicnes, and inactivated vaccines are available |
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