Term
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Definition
Hyperglycemia due to
Defect in insulin secretion (type 1)
Defect in insulin action (type 2) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Warning signs of diabetes |
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Definition
Frequent urination/thirst
Extreme hunger
Rapid weight loss, weakness fatigue
Irritability, nausea, vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of insulin, depends on exogenous insulin
Early in life
Associated with viral infections
5-10% of diabetics |
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Term
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Definition
Resistance to insulin
Later in life or overweight kids
Associated with upper-body obesity
90-95% of diabetics |
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Term
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Definition
Must first regulate blood glucose levels
Adequate insulin is required for muscles to uptake glucose
Ketosis may occur due to excessive fat metabolism if there is not enough insulin |
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Term
| Exercise and Type 1 Diabetes |
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Definition
Insulin + diet improves blood glucose
Monitor blood glucose before and after ex
HYPOglycemia is a major concern (insulin shock) consume carbs to during and after ex to prevent
GRX test before exercise program
Don't exercise if fasting glucose >300 and ingest carbs if glucose is <100 |
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Term
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Definition
CRF: 3-7days/wk, 50-80%, 20-60 mins (75-150/wk), low impact
Resistance: 2-3 days/wk, 60-80%, 2-3 sets, 8-12 reps, avoid valsalva
Drink extra fluids and have carbs ready |
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Term
| Exercise and type 2 diabetes |
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Definition
Primary treatment is exercise unlike type 1: helps treat obesity AND control blood glucose
Also diet
Adjust medication to prevent hypoglycemia during ex |
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Term
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Definition
150 mins/week moderate intensity probably bc overweight
4-7 days/week
Resistance: 2-3 days/week, 2-3 sets, 8-12 exercises
Avoid valsalva |
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Term
| Prevent/Delay type 2 diabetes |
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Definition
Identify at risk early on
Impaired fasting glucose 100-125
Impaired glucose tolerance
Prediabetes: having IFG or IGT
exercise! better than using drugs, lifestyle modifications |
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Term
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
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Definition
| bypass one or more blocked coronary arteries using saphenous vein or internal mammary artery |
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Term
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Definition
Balloon tipped catheter used to open occluded arteries
May insert stent to keep artery open |
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Term
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Definition
| Systolic BP >140 or Diastolic BP >90 |
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Term
| Nutrient intake percentages |
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Definition
Carbohydrates: 45-65%
Fats: 20-35%
Proteins: 10-35% |
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Term
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Definition
ADEK
Stored
Excess intake can be toxic |
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Term
| Energy content of nutrients |
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Definition
Fat: 9 kcals/gram
Protein: 4 kcals/gram
Carbs: 4 kcals/gram |
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Term
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Definition
Men: 8-22, 10-25, 10-23
Women: 20-35, 25-38, 25-35 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| weight/height underweight: >18.5 Normal: 18.5-24.9 Overweight: 25-29.9 Obesity: >30 |
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Term
| Factors that contribute to performance |
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Definition
- Diet
- Carbs
- Water
- CNS Function
- Arousal
- Motivation
- Strength/skill
- Practice
- Natural endowment, body type, muscle fiber
- Environment
- Altitude
- Heat
- Humidity
- Energy production
- Anaerobic
- PC
- Glycolysis
- Aerobic
- VO2max
- Cardiac output
- O2 delivery
- O2 extraction
- Mitochondria
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Term
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Definition
Inability to maintain power output or force during repeated muscle contractions
Central fatigue (CNS)
Peripheral fatigue (Neural factors, mechanical factors, energetics of contraction) |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction in motor units activated and firing frequency
Reduction in motor CNS arousal (motivation or diversion)
Overtraining (reduced performance, prolonged fatigue, unfavorable ration of serotonin to dopamine) |
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Term
Peripheral fatigue
Neural factors |
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Definition
Neuromuscular junction (not the site of fatigue)
Sarcolemma and T-Tubes (ability of muscle membrane to conduct action potential improved by training) |
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Term
Peripheral fatigue
Mechanical factors |
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Definition
Cross bridge cycling and tension development
High H+ concentration
Longer relaxation time due to slower cross bridge cycling a sign of fatigue |
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Term
Peripheral fatigue
Energetics of contraction |
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Definition
Imbalance of ATP (accumulation of Pi
ATP only falls to 70% of pre-ex level |
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Term
| Factors that contribute to physical performance |
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Definition
Coordination and economy
Environment
Strength
Energy output (aerobic and anaerobic)
Psychological factors |
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Term
| Best predictor of endurance performance |
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Definition
BEST: Peak running velocity: Highest speed that can be maintained for >5 seconds
Lactate threshold: Exercise intensity at which blood lactic acid begins to systematically increase
Critical power: Speed at which running speed/time curve reaches plateau |
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