Class: Hexapoda

Order: Orthoptera

Family: Acrididae

Common Names: Grasshoppers, Locusts

Metamorphosis; Gradual metamorphosis

Feeding habits; phytophagus

Habitat; Food source and eggs in soil

Id traits; short antennae, saltorial hindlegs

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Orthoptera

Family: Stenopelmatidae

Common Name: Jerusalem crickets

Metamorphosis; gradual

Feeding habits; phytophagus, roots

Habitat; soil

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Orthoptera

Suborder: Tettigoniidae

Common Names: Katyds, long-horned grasshoppers

Metamorphosis; Gradual

Feeding habits; phytophagus

Habits; diurnal

Id traits; long antennae, leaflike tegmina. Great mimicry, often eaten by humans. Many stridulate

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Orthoptera

Family: Gryllidae

Common Name; Crickets

Metamorphosis; gradual

Feeding habits; phytophagus and decaying vegetation

Habitat; various, hidden

Id traits; long antennae, jumping legs, stockier than grasshoppers. Mating song. 

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Blattodea

Family: Blattidae

Common Name: American/Asian Cockroach

•  Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; Omnivorous-animal and vegetable matter. 
• Habits; Outdoors. nocturnal, Negatively phototrophic-avoids light. Positively thigmotactic- hide in cracks. Gregarious- live in non social groups.
• Id traits; flat body, long antennae. Adult females carry the ootheca around for about 6 days and then cement them to a protected surface where they incubate for about 2 months or longer. Each egg case carries 12 young. A female and her offsrping can produce over 800 coackroaches in 1yr.
• Cockroaches may mechanically transmit bacteria that causes foos poisoning like salmonella spp., and shigella spp. 

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Blattodea

Family: Blattellidae

Common Names: German Cockroach, Brownbanded cockroach

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; Omnivorous- feed on animal and vegetable matter. 
• Habitat; Indoors. Gregarious- live in non social groups. Positively thigmotactic- hide in cracks. Negatively phototrophic; avoids light. Nocturnal.
• Id traits; Flat body. Long antennae. This species reproduces the fastest, a single female and her offspring can produce over 30,000 individuals a yr. The female carries the ootheca until 1-2 days before it hatches. Each egg case contains about 30 young.
• German cockroaches are believed to be capable of transmitting disease-causing organisms such as Staphylococcus spp, Steptococcus spp, hepatitis virus and coliform bacteria. 

Hemiptera Characteristics

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• Hemelytra; Half wings(Leathery/membranous)
• Proboscis; a long, thin tube that forms part of the mouth. Piercing sucking mouth parts
• Scent glands

True bugs have forewings that are hardened at the base and membranous at the tips. They sit flat over the abdomen hiding the membranous hind wings. The head and proboscis can flex forward.

Most species of Hemiptera are plant feeders, sucking sap which may cause considerable damage to crops, ornametal plants. 

Some species are blood suckers of mammals and birds while others are predators that feed on the other invertebrates including some prest species and are therefore beneficial to man.

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Gerridae

Common Name: Water striders

Metamorphosis; gradual

Feeding habits; predatory

Id traits; long legs, antapical tarsal claws

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Belostomatidae

Common Name: Giant waterbugs

Metamorphosis; gradual

Feeding habits; predatory

Habits; nocturnal-diurnal, aquiatic

Id traits; large, flat, raptorial front legs. 1-7in in length

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Corixidae

Common Name: Water Boatmen

Metamorphosis; gradual

Feeding habits; algae, few predators

Habits; diurnal

id traits; spoon shaped front tarsi

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Notonectidae

Common Name: Backswimmers

Metamorphosis; gradual

Feeding habits; algae, few predatory

Habits; diurnal-nocturnal

id traits; oar like legs

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Reduviidae

Common Name: Assassing bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; blood suckers and predators
• Habits; nocturnal and diurnal
• ID traits; short, stout, 3-segmented beak.
  4- segmented antennae. 
  2 ocelli
  3-segmented tarsi
  Head elongated with transverse groove behind eyes. (distinct head and neck)
• Vectors of Chagas disease. painful bite.

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Suborder: Miridae

Common Names: Leaf bugs, plant bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; Most are plant feeders, but many are predatory. They may feed on growing fruit damaging the crop and also damages tree foliage.
• ID traits; Membranous portion of front wing with 1-2 closed cells. 
  Ceneus; thickened portion of front wing. Somewhat triangular shaped area adjacent to the membranous area.
  Lack ocelli
  4-segmented antennae and beak
  3-segmented tarsi
   

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Tingidae

Common Name: Lace bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; they attack foliage of trees,principally hardwoods, but prefer saplings and small size trees.
• ID traits; body and wings with reticulate sculpting.
  Small in size,usually less than 5mm
  Pronotum with a triangular posterior extension over scutellum.
  Lack ocelli
  4-segmented beak
  1-2 segmented tarsi 
  Lacelike appearance is only found on the adults. 

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Nabidae

Common Name: Damsel bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; predatory
• ID traits; Elongated, oval shaped body. 
  Forewing, when developed has a number of small cell around margin.
  Ocelli present
  Raptorial front legs(front femora slightly thickened)
  4-segmented beak. 

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Cimicidae

Common Name: BedBugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; blood suckers
• Habits; nocturnal, early morning
• ID traits; flat, wingless.

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Pentatomidae

Common Name: Stink bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; Many feed on plants but many are also predators. Plant-feeding species may damage plants and fruits, mostly by piercing the plant tissues and thus opening a path for pathogens to enter the plant.
• ID traits; broadly oval and shield-shaped. 8-10mm
  Scutellum large and triangular and not reaching to apex of abdomen.
  Pronotum with a prominent tooth on each side
  5-segmented antennae 
  In adults the scent gland is located under each side of thorax. In nymphs, located on topof the abdomen. 

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family:Lygaeidae

Common Names: Milkweed bugs, Chinch bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; most species feed on plant seeds. Some are predaceous. They sometimer present in great #'s and thus be harmful to crops. Serious pests of Ag. crops and other vegetation.
• Id traits; Forewings have 4-5 veins without a cuneus. Front section of their forewing is slightly harden and the back section membranous. Hind wings are always membranous. Usually brown to red in color.
  Adults are 4-20mm long with oval shape and flattened body.
  4-segmented antennae arise below line drawn through eyes.
  2 ocelli
  4-segmented beak
  Second to Miridae in # of species.

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Coreidae

Common Names: Leaf footed bugs, squash bugs

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; developing fruit including cotton, peaches and tomatoes. Seed such as beans, black-eyed peas, sorghum. They also feed on the stems of tender leaves of plants such as potatoes.
• Id traits; Forewings have many veins.
  Head is narrower and most often shorter than pronotum.
  Some species in the family have hind legs expanded and somewhat leaf-like and those are commonly called Leaf footed bugs.
  Adults move slower than Nymphs and are seen on the tips of shoots.
  Strong repellent odor. Scent glands present on the thorax.
  4-segmented antennae.
  4-segmented beak
  2 ocelli
  3-segmented tarsi.
  
  
  

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Hemiptera

Family: Rhopalidae

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding Habits; plant and seeds
• Id traits; 4-segmented antennae
  2 ocelli (distinctly raised)
  3-segmented tarse
  Front wing with many veins
  No scent glands!
  Head narrower and oftern shorted than the pronotum.
  Hind tibiae of some species expanded and resembling leaves.
  
  
  
  

• Most destructive insects of all. 45,000 species in all
• Lack the toughened area of the first pair of wings
• Piercing sucking type mouthparts
• Produce honeydew

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Suborder: Cicadidae

Common Names; Cicadas, locusts

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; plant sap from roots, trees and grass.
• Id traits; Perdiodical cicadas have dark bodies, brown veined wings and bright red eyes. They emerge in huge numbers in either 13 or 17 yr. cycles.
  Annual cicadas do not emerge in synchrony
  Do not transmit disease

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Membracidae

Common name; treehoppers

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; plant feeders
• Id traits; Pronotum extending back over the abdomen. Many species also have the pronotum extending forward so that the insects may appear like thorns on their host plant
  Antennae short and bristlelike, arising in front of or between the compound eyes.

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Cicadellidae

Common Name; leafhoppers

• Metamorphosis; gradual 
• Feeding habits; plant feeders. Honeydew secretions
• Id traits; Short antennae, bristlelike arising in front of or between the compuond eyes.
  3-segmented tarsi
  Smaller more active then cicadas.
  Do not have extended pronotum.
  Hind tibiae with 1 or more rows of spines.
• Glassy-winged sharpshooter transmits Pierce's disease which kills plants and cuses Oleander scorch and almond scorch. Pierce's disease is caused by a parasite left by this insect.
  
  

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Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Psyllidae

Common names: Psyllid, lerps

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; plant feeder. Honeydew secretions
• Id traits; Wings held rooflike over the body at rest.
  They have a 10-segmented antennae.
  Some resemble tiny cicadas
  Some are gall makers on leaves.
  Nymphs are oval and flat and look very little like the adults. May produce a large amount of waxy filaments makinf them look like blobs of cotton.
• Asian psyllid does not produce honeydew. They reproduce on the tree's new growth. Vectors of disease; huanglongbing which is a bacterial disease that attacks the vascular system of plants and there is no cure. The white waxy secretions of the nymphs are an indicator of the asian citrus psyllid. Small, oddly shaped fruit. Fruit does not ripens. 
• Destroy thousands of eucalyptus trees

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Aleyrodidae

Common name; whiteflies

• Metamorphosis; gradual
• Feeding habits; plant feeders; attack new growth. Sooty mold. Honeydew secretions.
  
• Id traits; Minute whiteish insects.
  Body and wings covered with white powder.
  The first instar is an active insec; other instars are covered with a scalelike covering. May have filiments around the scale covering.
  Short antennae
• To eliminate them use biological predators. spraying does not kill them.
  

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Aphididae

Common name; aphids

• Feeding habits; suck plant juices. Secret copious amounts of Honeydew which leads to sooty mold
• Habits; diurnal
• Id traits; Cornicles, teardrop shape
  Ovoviviperous-live births
  Parthenogenetic reproduction-birthding female from infertilized eggs.
• Vectors of disease. Feed in large colonies. Adults develop wings as the population increases. Start looking for predators and parasites in the colonies.

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Margarodidae

Common Names: Giant Coccids, Ground Pearls

• Feeding habits; suck plant juices. Honeydew secretions.
• Id traits; Females are large and roungs. Some tropical species are nearly 1in long.
• Classical insect in biological control- vedalia beetle from Australia was introduced over the winter of 1888-89 to combat cottony cushion scale.

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: pseudococcidae

• Feeding habits; suck plant juices. Honeydew secretions.
• Id traits; elongated-oval shaped with well developed legs.
  Bodies of most of them are covered with waxy secretions.
  Some have filiments around the body, others have tail projections.

Class: Hexapoda

Order: Homoptera

Family: Diaspididae
Common Name: Armored scales

• Feeding habits; suck plant juices. No honeydew
• Id traits; Females are small, flattened and disk like, lack legs antennae and eyes.
  Live under a scale formed of wax secretions of the insect and cast skins of early instars.
  Scales vary in shape, size and color.
  Male scales are winged.

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Class: Hexapoda
Order: Homoptera

Family: Coccidae
Common Name; Soft scales

• Feeding habits; suck plant juices. Honeydew secretions.
• Id traits; 1st instar has legs and antennae and is an active insect. Males are winged.
  Females are wingless and sometimes legless
• Most of the serious pest scales move up and down on the plants.
  Down grade products.