Term
| Do small populations have higher or lower frequency of inbreeding? How does this affect the degree of heterozygosity? |
|
Definition
higher frequency of inbreeding
low degree of heterozygosity |
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|
Term
| What is the effective population? |
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Definition
| the portion of a population that is capable of reproducing |
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|
Term
| What are the two types off genetic conservation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ex situ conservation? |
|
Definition
| removing species from original habitat, transferring to artificially maintained one to form a captive breeding program |
|
|
Term
| What is in situ conservation? |
|
Definition
| maintaining population size & genetic diversity of a species in its natural habitat |
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Term
| How small is a small population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False
Small populations of a species are at greater risk of loss of genetic diversity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a naturally rare species? |
|
Definition
| a species that naturally has a small population |
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|
Term
| How is DNA fingerprinting used in conservation? |
|
Definition
| can trace location of origin of species, useful for limiting poaching, illegal hunting etc. |
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Term
| What are some was humans have caused a loss of genetic variation? |
|
Definition
overhunting
overharvesting
habitat destruction |
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|
Term
| What defines genetic diversity? |
|
Definition
| the degree of heterozygosity |
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|
Term
| What are the two forms of genetic diversity? |
|
Definition
| Interspecific & Intraspecific diversity |
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|
Term
| What is interspecific diversity? |
|
Definition
number of different plant/animal species
varies in a diverse ecosystem |
|
|
Term
| What is intraspecific diversity? |
|
Definition
| diversity within a species |
|
|
Term
| What are the two forms of intraspecific diversity? |
|
Definition
Intrapopulational
Interpopulational |
|
|
Term
| What is intrapopulational diversity? |
|
Definition
| variation between individuals in a single population |
|
|
Term
| What is interpopulational diversity? |
|
Definition
| variation between different populations of the same species |
|
|
Term
True or False
Humans evolved from Neanderthals |
|
Definition
False
They have a common ancestral origin but evolved separately |
|
|
Term
| What is a molecular clock? |
|
Definition
| measures the rate of evolutionary change in terms of amino acid or nucleotide sequences |
|
|
Term
| Do evolutionary changes in amino acid/nucleotide sequence accumulate at a constant or exponential rate over time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most accurate source of data for phylogenetic reconstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is phylogeneti reconstruction based on? |
|
Definition
| distances between species pairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolutionary history of a species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| development of a separate species |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways speciation might occur? |
|
Definition
geographic changes dividing a population into 2
evolution to different niches |
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|
Term
| What are reproductive isolating mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| prevent or reduce interbreeding between populations |
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|
Term
| What are the two forms of reproductive isolating mechanisms? What do each do? |
|
Definition
Prezygotic - prevent mating
Postzygotic - isolation even if individuals mate e.g. hybrid nonviability |
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|
Term
| What is it called when allele frequencies change by chance because the number of reproducing individuals in a gene pool is very small |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is genetic drift due to a population arising from a very small number of individuals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is genetic drift due to a drastic but temporary decrease in population numbers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes a change in the frequency of genotypes in a population, that indirectly changes allele frequencies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the forms of nonrandom mating? |
|
Definition
| positive assortive, negative assortive, inbreeding |
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|
Term
| What is positive assortive mating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is negative assortive mating? |
|
Definition
| dissimilar genotypes mate |
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|
Term
| What is the inbreeding coefficient? |
|
Definition
| the probability that two alleles of an individual are indentical because they are descended from a single ancestral copy |
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|
Term
| What does an F=1 inbreeding coefficient mean? F=0? |
|
Definition
1 - all individuals are inbred
0 - no individuals are inbred |
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