Term
|
Definition
| “new growth”, dysregulated proliferation of a single transformed cell causes by genetic mutations which allow the cell to no longer be dependent on external factors for regulation of growth. |
|
|
Term
| Hematopoietic neoplasm disorders |
|
Definition
| can be lymphoid or myeloid and premalignant or malignant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “means deadly”, potential to metastasize “cancer”, clone of abnormal anaplastic, proliferating cells |
|
|
Term
| Hematopoietic malignant disorders |
|
Definition
| Leukemia both lymphoid or myeloid bone marrow neoplasms |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of MDS |
|
Definition
| hypercellular and dysplastic bone marrow, cytopenias and variable peripheral blood, ineffective hematopoiesis and increased apoptosis, sub grouped based on % of blasts, presence or absence of ringed sideroblasts, # of cytopenias and dysplastic cell lines. |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of MPD |
|
Definition
| hypercellular bone marrow, unregulated cell proliferation, peripheral blood shows erthrocytosis, granulocytosis, or thrombocytosis |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of acute leukemias |
|
Definition
| gap in normal maturation pyramid of cells, many blasts (> 20% in bone marrow) and malignant clone fails to mature, some mature forms are seen in bone marrow and there is a decreased in intermediate maturational stages |
|
|
Term
| General characteristic of chronic leukemias |
|
Definition
| <20% blasts in bone marrow, leukocytosis and all stages of maturation are present, there is a predominance of more mature cells |
|
|
Term
| Classification systems used for MDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classification systems used for MPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classification systems used for leukemias |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relies on morphology and cytochemistry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relies on morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotype, genetic features and clinical features, goal is to define real diseases recognized with available techniques |
|
|
Term
| Methods used to categorize leukemias |
|
Definition
| morphology, immunologic marker analysis, cytochemical stains and chromosome analysis |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory findings of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
| thrombocytopenia, prominent blasts in PB and >20% blasts in bonr marrow |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory findings of chronic leukemia |
|
Definition
| <20% blasts in bone marrow, leukocytosis, all stages of maturation seen and predominantly mature cells |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory findings of myeloid leukemias |
|
Definition
| cells derived from common myeloid progenitor cell predominate |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory findings of lymphoid leukemias |
|
Definition
| cells derived from lymphoid progenitor cell predominate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal genes with unaltered cellular counterparts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| altered cellular gene that can cause cancer/tumors |
|
|
Term
| Oncogenes relationship to neoplastic processes |
|
Definition
| causes altered gene expression or activity/structure of protein product |
|
|
Term
| Patient age and incidence of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| ½ of all leukemias occur after the age of 67 |
|
|
Term
| Immunological techniques in diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| identifies specific membrane antigens (surface markers) characteristically found on particular cell lineages, use monoclonal antibodies to identify CD antigens |
|
|
Term
| Immunological techniques in prognosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| can determine if the cells with the specific CD markers are absent or present |
|
|
Term
| Chromosome analysis in diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| identifies gene mutations on chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| Chromosome analysis in prognosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| can be done to determine the absence of recognized cytogenesis abnormalities associated with a given neoplastic disease |
|
|
Term
| Molecular analysis in diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| consists of DNA technology to identify genetic defects at the molecular level to provide clues to pathogenesis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
|
Term
| Molecular analysis in prognosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| monitor treatment, remission is when there is an absence of detectable molecular abnormalities using PCR or other related molecular technologies |
|
|
Term
| Cytochemistry in diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| in vitro staining of cells that allows microscopic examination of the cells’ chemical composition. |
|
|
Term
| Cytochemistry in prognosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| determine the absence of positive staining cells in peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| depends on remission, can be hematologic, cytogenetic or molecular |
|
|
Term
| Survival rates of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| differs by disease and patient’s conditions |
|
|
Term
| How proto-oncogenes are activated |
|
Definition
| genetic susceptibility, somatic mutation, viral infection, and/or immunologic dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| Role of oncogenes and protein products in etiology of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| no longer under normal regulatory control the cell proliferates without normal controls |
|
|
Term
| Role of tumor suppressor and protein products in etiology of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| genetic susceptibility have the potential to eliminate function and allow cells to proliferate out of control |
|
|
Term
| Effects of radiation on incidence of leukemia |
|
Definition
| can cause somatic mutations |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
| sudden onset, untreated course of disease takes weeks to months |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory findings of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
| >20% blasts in bone marrow with some mature forms |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings or chronic leukemia |
|
Definition
| insidious onset, untreated course of disease takes mouths to years |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory findings of chronic leukemia |
|
Definition
| <20% blasts in bone marrow, all stages of maturation present with leukocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Chemotherapy for treatment of leukemia |
|
Definition
| eradicate all malignant cells and allow for repopulation by residual normal precursors |
|
|
Term
| Treatment options for hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, epigenetics therapies, bone marrow transplants, stem cell transplants and hematopoietic growth factors |
|
|
Term
| Possible complication of treatment for hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| aggravate patient’s clinical situation, lysed cells and lead to DIC, and the normal cells are destroyed as well |
|
|
Term
| Leukemogenic factors of leukemia |
|
Definition
| genetic susceptibility, somatic mutations, viral infection and immunologic disorders |
|
|
Term
| How genetic susceptibility contributes to development of leukemia |
|
Definition
| hereditary factors and abnormal genetic material have the potential to activate proto-oncogenes and eliminate TSG functions |
|
|
Term
| How somatic mutations contribute to development of leukemia |
|
Definition
| acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs acquired change in the genetic material to cells other than those involved in reproduction, caused by radiation, chemicals and drugs |
|
|
Term
| How viral infection contributes to development of leukemia |
|
Definition
| viral genome incorporates into host DNA and activates proto-oncogene |
|
|
Term
| How immunologic disorders contributes to development of leukemia |
|
Definition
| congenital and acquired immunologic disorders |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory features of MDS |
|
Definition
| normal or decreased leukocytes blasts may be present, variable platelets and hypercellular bone marrow with <20% blasts, dysplastic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| morphology and genetic studies |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory features of MPD |
|
Definition
| increased leukocytes with shift to the left and predominance of mature forms, platelets are usually increased and bone marrow is hypercellular with <20% blasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| morphology and genetic studies |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory features of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
| normal or decreased leukocytes with blasts, decreased platelets and hypercellular bone marrow with >20% blasts |
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of acute leukemia |
|
Definition
| morphology, immunologic marker analysis, cytochemical stains and chromosome analysis |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory procedure for confirming cell lineage |
|
Definition
| immunologic analysis to identify specific membrane antigens via monoclonal antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory procedure for diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasms |
|
Definition
| combination of all procedures |
|
|
Term
| Role of epigenetics in cancer |
|
Definition
| chemical modifications of the DNA polynucleotide chains or histone proteins causes altered configuration of chromatin and altered gene expression and silencing of TSG |
|
|
